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{ "url_title": "America's Concentration Camps (book)", "title_sort": "americasconcentrationcampsbook", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/America's%20Concentration%20Camps%20(book)/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/America's%20Concentration%20Camps%20(book)?format=api" }, "modified": "2023-12-11T19:45:19", "title": "America's Concentration Camps (book)", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div id=\"databox-BooksDisplay\">\n <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Title\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n America's Concentration Camps\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Author\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Allan R. Bosworth\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Original Publisher\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n W.W. Norton\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Original Publication Date\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n 1967\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n WorldCat Link\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/americas-concentration-camps/oclc/935083918\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://www.worldcat.org/title/americas-concentration-camps/oclc/935083918\n </a>\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-Books\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n Title:America's Concentration Camps;\nAuthor:Allan R. Bosworth;\nIllustrator:;\nOrigTitle:;\nCountry:;\nLanguage:;\nSeries:;\nGenre:;\nPublisher:W.W. Norton;\nPubDate:1967;\nCurrentPublisher:;\nCurrentPubDate:;\nMediaType:;\nPages:;\nAwards:;\nISBN:;\nWorldCatLink:\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/americas-concentration-camps/oclc/935083918\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://www.worldcat.org/title/americas-concentration-camps/oclc/935083918\n </a>\n ;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n Widely read 1967 book by Allan R. Bosworth on Japanese American removal and incarceration that had the distinction of being the first to use the term \"concentration camps\" in its title. Published by W. W. Norton, the book served as an introduction to the topic for many Americans, particularly\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sansei/\" title=\"Sansei\">\n Sansei\n </a>\n coming of age in the 1960s.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <div aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\" class=\"toc\" id=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\">\n <input class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" role=\"button\" style=\"display:none\" type=\"checkbox\"/>\n <div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n <h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">\n Contents\n </h2>\n <span class=\"toctogglespan\">\n <label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\">\n </label>\n </span>\n </div>\n <ul>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Book_and_Author_Overview\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 1\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Book and Author Overview\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Reaction_and_Impact\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 2\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Reaction and Impact\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Find_in_the_Digital_Library_of_Japanese_American_Incarceration\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 3\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Find in the Digital Library of Japanese American Incarceration\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#For_More_Information\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 4\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Footnotes\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 5\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Book_and_Author_Overview\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Book_and_Author_Overview\">\n Book and Author Overview\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n According to an account by W.W. Norton & Co. managing editor Merrill Pollack, the book's origins stem from his memories of the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/442nd_Regimental_Combat_Team/\" title=\"442nd Regimental Combat Team\">\n 442nd Regimental Combat Team\n </a>\n from his time as an infantryman in World War II and his subsequent discovery of the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans. Reminiscence with an old army buddy in the early 1960s led to Pollack's decision to do a book on the subject, necessitating a search for a suitable writer that took a year. Through literary agent Marie Rodell, Pollack was introduced to Bosworth.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-2\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n Author Allan R. Bosworth (1901–86) was a novelist, journalist, and career naval officer. A native of Texas, he first enlisted in the Navy in 1922. After his discharge in 1925, he worked as a journalist for various newspapers in California, most notably with the\n <i>\n San Francisco Chronicle\n </i>\n where he was a news editor and later managing editor. He was also commissioned in the naval reserves in 1927, serving as an intelligence officer. Called back to active duty just prior to World War II, he investigated wartime espionage cases. He remained in the military through the 1950s and did a nearly six-year stint in Japan and Korea, rising to the rank of captain. In addition to his journalism and military careers, he pursued fiction, published over 500 short stories and several novels, with his first, the western themed\n <i>\n Wherever the Grass Grows\n </i>\n (New York: Doubleday, Doran) published in 1941 and his best known,\n <i>\n The New Country\n </i>\n (New York: Harper) published in 1962. One of his books,\n <i>\n Ginza Go, Papa-san\n </i>\n (Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle, Company, 1955) is a humorous autobiographical account of his time in Japan, with illustrations by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nisei/\" title=\"Nisei\">\n Nisei\n </a>\n cartoonist Jack Matsuoka.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_3-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-3\">\n [3]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n <i>\n America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n provides an overview of the Japanese American removal and incarceration, outlining the chain of events that led to the incarceration, the main storylines of incarceration, and a discussion of its meaning and aftermath. The chapters on the causes of incarceration begin with a summation of prewar history of Japanese Americans and the decades of racism they endured, drawing heavily on prior works by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Carey_McWilliams/\" title=\"Carey McWilliams\">\n Carey McWilliams\n </a>\n , Jacobus tenBroek, et al, Morton Grodzins, and Stetson Conn. The discussion of\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Tule_Lake/\" title=\"Tule Lake\">\n Tule Lake\n </a>\n and related topics rely heavily on\n <i>\n The Spoilage\n </i>\n , and there is little on\n <i>\n The Salvage\n </i>\n in general. Though relying heavily on secondary sources, Bosworth does also use a handful of interviews with Japanese Americans and some of the key architects of the exclusion, as well as some unpublished (and insufficiently cited) writings by Japanese Americans and the files of the\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Pacific_Citizen_(newspaper)/\" title=\"Pacific Citizen (newspaper)\">\n Pacific Citizen\n </a>\n </i>\n .\n </p>\n <p>\n Though sympathetic to Japanese Americans, the book praises the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Japanese_American_Citizens_League/\" title=\"Japanese American Citizens League\">\n Japanese American Citizens League\n </a>\n and their wartime strategy of cooperation effusively and its claims of Nisei success echo the \"\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Model_minority/\" title=\"Model minority\">\n Model Minority\n </a>\n \" characterization prevalent at that time. \"It should be remembered that as a minority group they achieved full and sovereign status not by demonstrations or sit-ins, not by parading with placards, not by resistance and riots,\" writes Bosworth.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_4-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref3-4\">\n [4]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n At the same time, the book makes a point of the injustice of the mass removal and Supreme Court decision on the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Korematsu_v._United_States/\" title=\"Korematsu v. United States\">\n <i>\n Korematsu\n </i>\n case\n </a>\n that means that \"no minority group in this country is really safe, today, from federal search, seizure, and impoundment. Nobody is safe, under certain conditions, from unexpected detention and incarceration.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_5-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref4-5\">\n [5]\n </a>\n </sup>\n Given the events of that time, he explicitly cites the possibility of a round up of Chinese Americans if the American people are not vigilant.\n </p>\n <p>\n Norton published\n <i>\n America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n in February 1967. A mass market paperback edition published by Bantam Books appeared in 1968. In 1983, a Japanese translation of the book was published by Shinsensha.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Reaction_and_Impact\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Reaction_and_Impact\">\n Reaction and Impact\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n The book was widely reviewed in popular newspapers and magazines, most reviewers praising the book and adding some comments about the wrongness of the incarceration and importance of the story. For instance, Emerson Chapin in the\n <i>\n New York Times\n </i>\n calls it a \"readable, sound and well-documented account of this 'dark stain on American history',\"\n <i>\n Time Magazine\n </i>\n calls it \"a story that bears retelling,\" and Herbert Mitgang in\n <i>\n The Saturday Review\n </i>\n calls it an \"important story.\"\n <i>\n Kirkus Reviews\n </i>\n and\n <i>\n Time Magazine\n </i>\n also criticize Bosworth's sometimes angry prose, the former commenting that \"Occasionally Mr. Bosworth's emotions do overcome his generally equitable prose,\" and the latter changing that his \"angry account lacks not only literary grace but balance. As he fulminates against this lapse of democracy, the author descends to the irrationality that caused it.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref5_6-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref5-6\">\n [6]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n Not surprisingly given its valorization of the organization, the JACL strongly promoted the book. Ads touting it as \"The Book You've Been Waiting For\" graced the\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n in late 1966, and the book was sold out of the JACL office. By January 13, 1967,\n <i>\n PC\n </i>\n editor Harry Honda reported that the first 1,000 autographed copies had sold out; by March 10, he reported that the JACL was on its 4th set of 1,000 books, with many chapters buying the book to give to schools and libraries. In his \"Washington Newsletter\" column,\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Mike_Masaoka/\" title=\"Mike Masaoka\">\n Mike Masaoka\n </a>\n calls it \"easy-to-read, yet carefully documented\" and \"about as complete a story of the saga of the Japanese in this country as has ever been published to date.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref6_7-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref6-7\">\n [7]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n Given the distinct lack of other books on the topic at the time, it was also embraced by Asian American activists. The book was sold at rallies supporting the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Repeal_of_Title_II_of_the_Internal_Security_Act_of_1950_(%22Emergency_Detention_Act%22)/\" title='Repeal of Title II of the Internal Security Act of 1950 (\"Emergency Detention Act\")'>\n repeal of Title II\n </a>\n , a precursor to the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Redress_movement/\" title=\"Redress movement\">\n redress movement\n </a>\n . As the first book on Japanese American wartime incarceration to use the term \"concentration camps\" in its title, it was also cited as part of the campaign led by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Edison_Uno/\" title=\"Edison Uno\">\n Edison Uno\n </a>\n and Raymond Okamura starting in 1974 to convince the community to use the term instead of such euphemistic terms as \"relocation centers.\" Historian Roger Daniels credits the book at the first popular account to incorporate the important findings of army historian Stetson Conn on how the decision to remove and incarcerate all West Coast Japanese Americans was made.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref7_8-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref7-8\">\n [8]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n Though important for its time,\n <i>\n America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n proved to be the first of many books on this topic that would appear over the next decade and was rendered largely obsolete within a few years by more thoroughly researched accounts such as Roger Daniels'\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Concentration_Camps,_U.S.A._(book)/\" title=\"Concentration Camps, U.S.A. (book)\">\n Concentration Camps, U.S.A.\n </a>\n </i>\n (1971) and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Michi_Nishiura_Weglyn/\" title=\"Michi Nishiura Weglyn\">\n Michi Weglyn's\n </a>\n <i>\n Years of Infamy\n </i>\n (1976).\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Brian_Niiya/\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n Brian Niiya\n </a>\n , Densho\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Find_in_the_Digital_Library_of_Japanese_American_Incarceration\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Find_in_the_Digital_Library_of_Japanese_American_Incarceration\">\n Find in the Digital Library of Japanese American Incarceration\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n <b>\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/americasconcentr00bosw_0\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n America's Concentration Camps\n </a>\n </b>\n </p>\n <p style=\"font-size:8pt;line-height:1.5;color: #aaa;\">\n This item has been made freely available in the\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/digital-library-of-japanese-american-incarceration\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Digital Library of Japanese American Incarceration\n </a>\n , a collaborative project with\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Internet Archive\n </a>\n .\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Bosworth, Allan R.\n <i>\n America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n . Introduction by Roger Baldwin. New York: W. W. Norton, 1967.\n </p>\n <p>\n Finding aid to the Allan R. Bosworth papers (which include documents related to\n <i>\n America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n ) and biography at the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University.\n </p>\n <p>\n Izumi, Masumi. \"Prohibiting 'American Concentration Camps': Repeal of the Emergency Detention Act and the Public Historical Memory of the Japanese American Internment.\"\n <i>\n Pacific Historical Review\n </i>\n 74.2 (May 2005): 165–93.\n </p>\n <p>\n Pollack, Merrill. \"The Story Behind\n <i>\n America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n .\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , Dec. 23–30, 1966, B-16.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n See for instance Gann Matsuda, \"Panel Looks at Past, Present and Future of Manzanar and Tule Lake Pilgrimages during JANM Event,\" November 21, 2011, Discover Nikkei website, accessed on October 2, 2012, at\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.discovernikkei.org/es/journal/2011/11/21/manzanar-tulelake-pilgrimages/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.discovernikkei.org/es/journal/2011/11/21/manzanar-tulelake-pilgrimages/\n </a>\n .\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Merrill Pollack, \"The Story Behind\n <i>\n America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n ,\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , Dec. 23–30, 1966, B-16.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-3\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_3-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Biographical sketch compiled from Bosworth's biography at the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University website, accessed on October 5, 2012; Pollack, \"The Story,\" and the jacket to\n <i>\n Ginza Go, Papa-san\n </i>\n .\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref3-4\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_4-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Allan R. Bosworth,\n <i>\n America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n (New York: W. W. Norton, 1967), 246.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref4-5\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_5-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Bosworth,\n <i>\n American's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n , 23.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref5-6\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref5_6-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Emerson Chapin,\n <i>\n New York Times\n </i>\n review, February 22, 1967, p. 27;\n <i>\n Time Magazine\n </i>\n review, February 17, 1967, p. 110; Herbert Mitgang, \"Relocated in the Land of the Free,\"\n <i>\n The Saturday Review\n </i>\n , March 18, 1967, p. 29, accessed online on October 5, 2012 at\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.unz.org/Pub/SaturdayRev-1967mar18-00029?View=PDF\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.unz.org/Pub/SaturdayRev-1967mar18-00029?View=PDF\n </a>\n ;\n <i>\n Kirkus Reviews\n </i>\n , accessed on 10/2/12 at\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/allan-r-bosworth-3/americas-concentration-camps-2/#reviews\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/allan-r-bosworth-3/americas-concentration-camps-2/#reviews\n </a>\n ; see also Harry Honda, \"Bosworth Book Showered with Favorable Reviews,\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , March 10, 1967, p. 1 for a summary of many other reviews.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref6-7\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref6_7-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n For instance, see ad in Dec. 9, 1966 issue, p. 3. Harry Honda, \"Ye Editor's Desk,\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , January 13, 1967; Honda, \"Bosworth Book Showered with Favorable Reviews\"; Mike Masaoka, \"Washington Newsletter,\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , Dec. 16, 1966.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref7-8\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref7_8-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Masumi Izumi, \"Prohibiting 'American Concentration Camps': Repeal of the Emergency Detention Act and the Public Historical Memory of the Japanese American Internment,\"\n <i>\n Pacific Historical Review\n </i>\n 74.2 (May 2005), 175; Alice Yang Murray,\n <i>\n Historical Memories of the Japanese American Internment and the Struggle for Redress\n </i>\n (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008), 234; Roger Daniels, \"American Historians and East Asian Immigrants,\"\n <i>\n Pacific Historical Review\n </i>\n 43.4 (Nov. 1974), p. 467.\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240418160719\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.020 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.027 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 284/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 2592/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 470/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 4671/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 19.261 1 -total\n 17.91% 3.450 1 Template:Reflist\n 11.06% 2.131 1 Template:Databox-Books\n 7.75% 1.493 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 7.24% 1.395 1 Template:Published\n 6.94% 1.336 1 Template:FindAtIA\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:1423-0!canonical and timestamp 20240418160719 and revision id 35583\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/Chroniclers/?format=api" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Brian%20Niiya/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/America's%20Betrayal%20(book)/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/American%20(film)/?format=api" }