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{ "url_title": "Anti-Discrimination Committee, JACL", "title_sort": "antidiscriminationcommitteejacl", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Anti-Discrimination%20Committee,%20JACL/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Anti-Discrimination%20Committee,%20JACL?format=api" }, "modified": "2023-12-05T17:19:48", "title": "Anti-Discrimination Committee, JACL", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <p>\n Lobbying arm of the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Japanese_American_Citizens_League/\" title=\"Japanese American Citizens League\">\n Japanese American Citizens League\n </a>\n (JACL) set up in 1946 to spearhead the organization's legislative and legal efforts to attack discrimination against Japanese Americans and other minorities. The JACL set up the Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) as a separate organization to protect its tax status due to changes in federal laws regulating lobbyists.\n </p>\n <p>\n The ADC was incorporated in the state of Utah on July 9, 1946, with then JACL President Hito Okada as chairman and many other JACL leaders in executive positions.\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Mike_Masaoka/\" title=\"Mike Masaoka\">\n Mike Masaoka\n </a>\n , the league's wartime executive secretary, became the new organization's national legislative director, and his wife, Etsu Mineta Masaoka also joined the staff as a secretary. The Masaokas moved to Washington, DC, in 1947 and set up an office there. Mike set to work on a list of priorities established at the 1946 JACL convention that included seeking some form of \"evacuation claims\" and naturalization rights for the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Issei/\" title=\"Issei\">\n Issei\n </a>\n . Masaoka kept JACL members and the public informed of their activities through a regular \"Letter from Washington\" column in the organization's\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Pacific_Citizen_(newspaper)/\" title=\"Pacific Citizen (newspaper)\">\n Pacific Citizen\n </a>\n </i>\n newspaper.\n </p>\n <p>\n As its scope of activities grew, its staff ballooned to twenty-six by 1950 and it sought to raise money nationally through a network of local ADCs.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n Significantly, ADC membership and support targeted Issei as well as\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nisei/\" title=\"Nisei\">\n Nisei\n </a>\n —the JACL specifically excluded Issei from membership—with Issei citizenship the carrot for seeking their support.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n The ADC's activities culminated with the passage of the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Immigration_Act_of_1952/\" title=\"Immigration Act of 1952\">\n Immigration Act of 1952\n </a>\n , a controversial measure that ended the ban on Issei naturalization but retained racist immigration quotas and included anti-Communist measures that many found troubling. After passage of this measure in 1952, Masaoka resigned to become a private lobbyist, and the ADC ceased its operations. The JACL published a celebratory final report for the ADC in the 1954 holiday edition of the\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n .\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Brian_Niiya/\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n Brian Niiya\n </a>\n , Densho\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-26-51/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n <i>\n Final A.D.C. Report, 1946–1952\n </i>\n .\n </a>\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , December 17, 1954, section C.\n </p>\n <p>\n Hegwood, Robert Alan. \"Erasing the Space Between Japanese and American: Progressivism, Nationalism, and Japanese American Resettlement in Portland, Oregon, 1945—1948.\" M.A. thesis, Portland State University, 2011.\n </p>\n <p>\n Wu, Ellen.\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/colorofsuccessas00wuel\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n <i>\n The Color of Success: Asian Americans and the Origins of the Model Minority\n </i>\n </a>\n . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Larry Tajiri,\n <i>\n The Record Speaks,\n </i>\n <i>\n Scene\n </i>\n , March 1950, reprinted in Larry Tajiri and Guyo Tajiri,\n <i>\n Pacific Citizens: Larry and Guyo Tajiri and Japanese American Journalism in the World War II Era\n </i>\n , edited, with an introduction and notes by Greg Robinson (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012), 213.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Mike Masaoka and Bill Hosokawa,\n <i>\n They Call Me Moses Masaoka\n </i>\n (New York: William Morrow, 1987), 221; Robert Alan Hegwood, \"Erasing the Space Between Japanese and American: Progressivism, Nationalism, and Japanese American Resettlement in Portland, Oregon, 1945—1948,\" M.A. thesis, Portland State University, 2011, 120.\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240418160738\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.011 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.016 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 83/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 514/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 58/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 1229/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 12.698 1 -total\n 19.16% 2.433 1 Template:Reflist\n 10.77% 1.368 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 10.55% 1.340 1 Template:Published\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:2692-0!canonical and timestamp 20240418160738 and revision id 35533\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/Postwar/?format=api" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Brian%20Niiya/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Antelope%20Springs%20(detention%20facility)/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Anti-Japanese%20exclusion%20movement/?format=api" }