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{ "url_title": "Arthur S. Flemming", "title_sort": "flemmingarthurs", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Arthur%20S.%20Flemming/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Arthur%20S.%20Flemming?format=api" }, "modified": "2024-01-09T04:00:58", "title": "Arthur S. Flemming", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div id=\"databox-PeopleDisplay\">\n <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Name\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Arthur S. Flemming\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Born\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n June 12 1905\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Died\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n September 7 1996\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Birth Location\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Kingston, New York\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-People\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n FirstName:Arthur S.;\nLastName:Flemming;\nDisplayName:Arthur S. Flemming;\nBirthDate:1905-06-12;\nDeathDate:1996-09-07;\nBirthLocation:Kingston, New York;\nGender:Male;\nEthnicity:White;\nGenerationIdentifier:;\nNationality:;\nExternalResourceLink:;\nPrimaryGeography:;\nReligion:Methodist;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n <br/>\n Civil servant, educational administrator and member of the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Commission_on_Wartime_Relocation_and_Internment_of_Civilians/\" title=\"Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians\">\n Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians\n </a>\n (CWRIC). A lifetime Republication and chairman of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Flemming had held numerous governmental positions in areas related to policy on employment, the elderly, and civil rights and had also served as president of three different universities. He was seventy-five years old when President Jimmy Carter appointed him to the CWRIC. He was among the CWRIC commissioners who favored larger reparations payments than the $20,000 that was eventually recommended.\n </p>\n <p>\n Born in Kingston, New York, into a prominent local family—father Harry was a prominent lawyer, judge and civic leader—Flemming went to Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio, later obtaining a master's degree from American University and a law degree from George Washington University. After a stint as an instructor at American University, and five years as a journalist, he became the director of the new School of Public Affairs at American University. In 1939, he was appointed as a member of the U.S. Civil Service Commission, where he would remain until 1948. During the war years, he also served on the War Manpower Commission and the Advisory Council of the Retraining and Reemployment Administration of the Department of Labor.\n </p>\n <p>\n In 1948, he left government to become president of his alma mater, Ohio Wesleyan University. He returned to government as director of the Office of Defense Mobilization under President Dwight D. Eisenhower and was later appointed as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare in Eisenhower's second term. With the election of John F. Kennedy, he left government again to serve as president of the University of Oregon from 1961 to 1968, and of Macalester College from 1968 to 1971. He served two stints on the U.S. Commission on Aging, once in the 1970s appointed by Richard Nixon and later in the 1990s under President Bill Clinton. Appointed to head the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights by President Nixon on 1974, he was dismissed by Ronald Reagan in 1981. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1994, and since 1948, the Arthur S. Flemming Awards have recognized outstanding federal employees.\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Brian_Niiya/\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n Brian Niiya\n </a>\n , Densho\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n \"Arthur S. Flemming.\" Institute of Government & Public Affairs, University of Illinois.\n </p>\n <p>\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://flemming.gwu.edu/award\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n \"Arthur S. Flemming Award.\"\n </a>\n George Washington University.\n </p>\n <p>\n Murray, Alice Yang.\n <i>\n Historical Memories of the Japanese American Internment and the Struggle for Redress\n </i>\n . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008.\n </p>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240418160812\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.010 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.014 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 114/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 1678/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 263/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 6/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 10.232 1 -total\n 72.35% 7.403 1 Template:Databox-People\n 13.51% 1.382 1 Template:Published\n 13.27% 1.358 1 Template:AuthorByline\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:2500-0!canonical and timestamp 20240418160812 and revision id 35887\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/People/?format=api" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Brian%20Niiya/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Arthur%20J.%20Goldberg/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Arthur%20Shinji%20Okamura/?format=api" }