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    "url_title": "Elizabeth M. Humbargar",
    "title_sort": "humbargarelizabethm",
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    "modified": "2020-11-18T21:01:57",
    "title": "Elizabeth M. Humbargar",
    "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div class=\"floatright\">\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-PeopleDisplay\">\n  <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n   <tbody>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Name\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Elizabeth M. Humbargar\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Born\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      July 4 1903\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Died\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      July 9 1989\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Birth Location\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Kansas\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n   </tbody>\n  </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-People\" style=\"display:none;\">\n  <p>\n   FirstName:Elizabeth M.;\nLastName:Humbargar;\nDisplayName:Elizabeth M. Humbargar;\nBirthDate:1903-07-04;\nDeathDate:1989-07-09;\nBirthLocation:Kansas;\nGender:Female;\nEthnicity:White;\nGenerationIdentifier:;\nNationality:;\nExternalResourceLink:;\nPrimaryGeography:Stockton, CA;\nReligion:Catholic;\n  </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n  Educator and humanitarian. Raised in Salina, Kansas, Elizabeth Humbargar (1903–89) and her sister Catherine (1901–96) became teachers and moved to California in the 1920s, both ended up at Stockton High School in the 1930s, where she taught English and her sister math. Drawn to the Asian American students, Elizabeth became the faculty adviser of the 400-member Japanese American student club and encouraged and cajoled many\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nisei/\" title=\"Nisei\">\n   Nisei\n  </a>\n  to pursue college. When local Japanese Americans were forcibly sent to the\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Stockton_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Stockton (detention facility)\">\n   Stockton Assembly Center\n  </a>\n  , the Humbargar sisters worked to make sure their students were able to continue their educations, recruiting college students to teach classes there, venturing to the camp every day after school to counsel the student teachers and provide curricular materials and spare textbooks. After the inmates were transferred to the more permanent concentration camp in\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Rohwer/\" title=\"Rohwer\">\n   Rohwer\n  </a>\n  , Arkansas, the sisters remained in touch and wrote an estimated 500 letters of recommendation to facilitate\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Resettlement/\" title=\"Resettlement\">\n   resettlement\n  </a>\n  , college admission, and employment of their friends and former students. When Japanese Americans were allowed to return to Stockton in 1945, they opened their homes to serve as temporary lodging for former students and their families. Elizabeth helped to reestablish the local\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Japanese_American_Citizens_League/\" title=\"Japanese American Citizens League\">\n   Japanese American Citizens League\n  </a>\n  (JACL) chapter and remained active in the community after the war. She went on to become a pioneering figure in English as a second language teaching and taught and served as a guidance counselor at San Joaquin Delta College, retiring in 1969. She was honored with an endowed JACL scholarship in her name, awarding the first scholarship in the amount of $500 herself in June 1970.\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n    [1]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n  She was also honored by the Japanese government (1978) and by San Joaquin County (1981).\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n    [2]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n  In 2012, San Joaquin Delta College established the Elizabeth Humbargar Tolerance Garden and the Elizabeth Humbargar Counseling Center.\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n  <b>\n   Authored by\n   <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Brian_Niiya/\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n    Brian Niiya\n   </a>\n   , Densho\n  </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n  Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n  <h2>\n   <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n    For More Information\n   </span>\n  </h2>\n  <div class=\"section_content\">\n   <p>\n    Breitler, Alex. \"\n    <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120409/A_NEWS/204090315\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n     Freedom Fighter\n    </a>\n    .\"\n    <i>\n     Stockton Record\n    </i>\n    , April 9, 2012.\n   </p>\n   <p>\n    \"\n    <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx1PruKdTRo\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n     Our Voice: Elizabeth Humbargar Memorial Garden Dedication\n    </a>\n    .\" 30 minute video, 2012.\n   </p>\n   <p>\n    Siegel, Shizue.\n    <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/ingoodconscience00seig\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n     <i>\n      In Good Conscience: Supporting Japanese Americans During the Internment\n     </i>\n     .\n    </a>\n    San Mateo, Calif.: AACP, Inc., 2006.\n   </p>\n  </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n  <h2>\n   <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n    Footnotes\n   </span>\n  </h2>\n  <div class=\"section_content\">\n   <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n    <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n     <ol class=\"references\">\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        <i>\n         Pacific Citizen\n        </i>\n        , June 26, 1970, p. 3.\n       </span>\n      </li>\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        <i>\n         Pacific Citizen\n        </i>\n        , Feb. 27, 1981, 5–6.\n       </span>\n      </li>\n     </ol>\n    </div>\n   </div>\n   <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20230613175403\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.016 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.023 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 175/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 1894/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 252/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 6/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 674/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n   <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%   16.204      1 -total\n 40.71%    6.597      1 Template:Databox-People\n 14.87%    2.410      1 Template:Reflist\n  8.30%    1.345      1 Template:AuthorByline\n  8.26%    1.338      1 Template:Published\n  7.84%    1.271      1 Template:GoodNonJA\n-->\n   <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:2446-0!canonical and timestamp 20230613175403 and revision id 32313\n -->\n  </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n  <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n  </i>\n  Top\n </a>\n</div>",
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