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{ "url_title": "Gene I. Sogioka", "title_sort": "sogiokagenei", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Gene%20I.%20Sogioka/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Gene%20I.%20Sogioka?format=api" }, "modified": "2020-06-19T15:39:30", "title": "Gene I. Sogioka", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div id=\"databox-PeopleDisplay\">\n <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Name\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Gene I. Sogioka\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Born\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n December 21 1914\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Died\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n February 21 1988\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Birth Location\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Irvindale, California\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Generational Identifier\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-People\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n FirstName:Gene Isao;\nLastName:Sogioka;\nDisplayName:Gene I. Sogioka;\nBirthDate:1914-12-21;\nDeathDate:1988-02-21;\nBirthLocation:Irvindale, California;\nGender:Male;\nEthnicity:JA;\nGenerationIdentifier:Kibei;\nNationality:;\nExternalResourceLink:;\nPrimaryGeography:;\nReligion:;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n Gene Isao Sogioka (1914-88) was a watercolor painter, illustrator and muralist, born in Irvindale, California, on December 21, 1914. When he was a very young child, his family took him to Japan to be raised by his maternal grandmother, who lived outside Hiroshima. He remained in Japan until he was fourteen years old, returning to the United States in 1928 where he was placed in a California second grade class since he was unable to speak or understand English. He eventually graduated from Covina High School, located near Los Angeles, in 1931. Sogioka attended two years at Pomona College before he quit and decided to attend Chiounard Art Institute, now the California Institute of Fine Arts, on full scholarship. He graduated in 1938 in fine art and commercial art before he went on to become an adjunct art instructor at Scripps College in Claremont, California, and assisting artist Millard Sheets on two major murals, including one for the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition on Treasure Island, outside San Francisco.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n In 1940, he married Mine Mayebo, and found work as a background artist and animator for the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, working on\n <i>\n Fantasia\n </i>\n ,\n <i>\n Dumbo\n </i>\n ,\n <i>\n Bambi\n </i>\n , and several short animated films. In 1941, he exhibited in the San Francisco Art Association watercolor show at the San Francisco Museum of Art along with other Asian American artists, including\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Miyoko_Ito/\" title=\"Miyoko Ito\">\n Miyoko Ito\n </a>\n . He remained at Disney Studios until 1942, when\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Executive_Order_9066/\" title=\"Executive Order 9066\">\n Executive Order 9066\n </a>\n forced him and his family into American concentration camps.\n </p>\n <p>\n His daughter was born in January 1942, a month before the order was signed, which encouraged Sogioka and his family to move inland to an area in Central California outside\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Military_Areas_1_and_2/\" title=\"Military Areas 1 and 2\">\n Military Area 1\n </a>\n in an attempt to avoid the mass removal. When the army decided to remove Japanese Americans from Military Area 2 as well, Sogioka moved his family again to nearby Sanger, California, and spent the month of June hiding in canyons to avoid incarceration.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n They were ultimately found and sent to a camp in\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Poston_(Colorado_River)/\" title=\"Poston (Colorado River)\">\n Poston,\n </a>\n Arizona. During the two years he spent in detention, he produced more than 150 watercolors, depicting daily life in the concentration camp. He also taught art, painted the camp's Buddhist shrine, and was commissioned by the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Bureau_of_Sociological_Research,_Poston/\" title=\"Bureau of Sociological Research, Poston\">\n Bureau of Sociological Research\n </a>\n under Dr. Alexander Leighton to make paintings that documented the camp experience.\n </p>\n <p>\n In 1943, Sogioka was released from camp and settled in New York City. In New York, he was among the artists featured in an exhibition of camp art at the Friends Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in October 1943.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n [3]\n </a>\n </sup>\n His wife and daughter joined him in January 1944, and their other children were born in New York in 1947 and 1951. He worked for various animation studios but later settled into a career in commercial art.\n </p>\n <p>\n In the late 1980s, Sogioka's camp paintings were discovered at the archives of the Cornell University Library, where they were part of the permanent collection without his knowledge. As a result, Sogioka and several other artists who produced work in the WWII American concentration camps were interviewed and their work published in a book entitled\n <i>\n Beyond Words: Images from America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n in 1987.\n </p>\n <p>\n Some of Sogioka's paintings were exhibited in the Smithsonian Institution exhibition,\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc rg\" href=\"/A_More_Perfect_Union:_Japanese_Americans_and_the_U.S._Constitution_(exhibition)/\" title=\"A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the U.S. Constitution (exhibition)\">\n A More Perfect Union: Japanese-Americans and the U.S. Constitution\n </a>\n </i>\n that were on display in Washington D.C. from October 1, 1987 – January 11, 2004.\n </p>\n <p>\n He died of cancer on February 21, 1988, at his home in Larchmont, N.Y. He was seventy-three years old.\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Patricia_Wakida/\" title=\"Patricia Wakida\">\n Patricia Wakida\n </a>\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Wakida, Patricia\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n \"Gene I. Sogioka, 73; Painted Camp Scenes.\"\n <i>\n New York Times,\n </i>\n March 1, 1988.\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/01/obituaries/gene-i-sogioka-73-painted-camp-scenes.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/01/obituaries/gene-i-sogioka-73-painted-camp-scenes.html\n </a>\n .\n </p>\n <p>\n Chang, Gordon H., Mark Dean Johnson, and Paul J. Karlstrom, editors.\n <i>\n Asian American Art: A History, 1850-1970\n </i>\n . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008.\n </p>\n <p>\n Gesensway, Deborah and Mindy Rosenman, eds.\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780801495229\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n <i>\n Beyond Words: Images from America's Concentration Camps\n </i>\n </a>\n . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Gordon H. Chang, Mark Dean Johnson, and Paul J. Karlstrom, editors,\n <i>\n Asian American Art: A History, 1850-1970\n </i>\n (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008), 417.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n <i>\n Asian American Art: A History, 1850-1970\n </i>\n , 417.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , Oct. 16, 1943, 3, accessed on Jan. 12, 2018 at\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-40/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-pc-15-40/\n </a>\n . An unidentified WRA photographer documented this exhibition, taking pictures of the prize-winning works, including Sogioka's \"Dust Storm.\" See\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8c6008r6/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8c6008r6/\n </a>\n , accessed on Nov. 19, 2014.\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20230521153640\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.015 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.021 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 192/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 2072/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 264/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 6/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 1574/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 15.415 1 -total\n 43.78% 6.748 1 Template:Databox-People\n 16.88% 2.602 1 Template:Reflist\n 8.57% 1.321 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 8.54% 1.316 1 Template:Published\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:1751-0!canonical and timestamp 20230521153640 and revision id 30136\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/Arts/?format=api", "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/People/?format=api" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Patricia%20Wakida/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Gasa-Gasa%20Girl%20(book)/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Gentaro%20Kenneth%20Hikogawa/?format=api" }