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{
    "url_title": "Seagoville (detention facility)",
    "title_sort": "seagovilledetentionfacility",
    "links": {
        "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Seagoville%20(detention%20facility)/?format=api",
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    "modified": "2015-07-15T01:09:13",
    "title": "Seagoville (detention facility)",
    "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div id=\"databox-CampsDisplay\">\n  <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n   <tbody>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      US Gov Name\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Seagoville Internment Camp\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n       Facility Type\n      </a>\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration#Department_of_Justice_Internment_Camp/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n       Department of Justice Internment Camp\n      </a>\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Administrative Agency\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      U.S. Department of Justice\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Location\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Seagoville, Texas (32.6333 lat, -96.5333 lng)\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Date Opened\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      April 12, 1942\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Date Closed\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      June 30, 1945\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Population Description\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Held women and children of Japanese ancestry from the U.S. and Latin America; also held German, Italian, and Japanese immigrants being repatriated to their home countries.\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      General Description\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Located southeast of Dallas, this site was originally a federal prison for women.\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      Peak Population\n     </th>\n     <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      343 (1942-05-04)\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n     <td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n      <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17j.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n       National Park Service Info\n      </a>\n     </td>\n    </tr>\n   </tbody>\n  </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-Camps\" style=\"display:none;\">\n  <p>\n   SoSUID:d-seag;\nDenshoName:Seagoville;\nUSGName:Seagoville Internment Camp;\nType:\n   <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration#Department_of_Justice_Internment_Camp/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n    Department of Justice Internment Camp\n   </a>\n   ;\nAdminAgency:U.S. Department of Justice;\nDateOpened:April 12, 1942;\nDateClosed:June 30, 1945;\nLocationName:Seagoville, Texas;\nCityName:Seagoville;\nStateName:TX;\nDescription:Located southeast of Dallas, this site was originally a federal prison for women.;\nGISLat:32.6333;\nGISLng:-96.5333;\nGISTGNId:2107550;\nCurrentDisposition:;\nPopulationDescription:Held women and children of Japanese ancestry from the U.S. and Latin America; also held German, Italian, and Japanese immigrants being repatriated to their home countries.;\nExitDestination:;\nPeakPopulation:343;\nPeakDate:1942-05-04;\nNPSMoreInfoResourceLink:\n   <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17j.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n    http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17j.htm\n   </a>\n   ;\nOfficialResourceLink:;\n  </p>\n </div>\n <div class=\"floatright\">\n </div>\n <div class=\"floatright\">\n </div>\n <p>\n  In 1940, the United States government constructed a female correctional facility in Seagoville, Texas, a small town of 700 located approximately twenty miles southeast of Dallas. In April 1942, the\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service/\" title=\"Immigration and Naturalization Service\">\n   Immigration and Naturalization Service\n  </a>\n  (INS) appropriated the site and operated an\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n   internment camp\n  </a>\n  for \"enemy aliens.\" Many internees, though not all, were Japanese and Germans deported from\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Japanese_Latin_Americans/\" title=\"Japanese Latin Americans\">\n   Latin America\n  </a>\n  to the United States. In general, females and married couples without children were sent to Seagoville, while men were sent to the internment camp at\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Kenedy_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Kenedy (detention facility)\">\n   Kenedy\n  </a>\n  and families with children to the camp at\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Crystal_City_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Crystal City (detention facility)\">\n   Crystal City\n  </a>\n  . The INS closed the Seagoville camp in June 1945, and the facility reverted to a minimum-security federal prison.\n </p>\n <p>\n  Joseph O'Rourke, the \"supervisor of internment\" for the INS, determined general policy but left the administration of the camps to various \"Officers in Charge.\" In March 1942, Warden Amy Stannard assumed responsibility for the supervision of the Seagoville staff as well as the \"care, maintenance, and discipline of persons admitted to the institution.\"\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n    [1]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n  As of July 1942, the internee population at Seagoville consisted of 23 German females, 15 Japanese females, and 4 German males, though the total number of internees increased dramatically in the following months.\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n    [2]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n  Many of the female internees were classified as \"voluntary internees\" under the assumption that they had voluntarily agreed to join their interned spouses in the United States. Internees were permitted to bring—or have shipped to them—personal clothing, hot water bottles, sewing machines, rugs, curtains, cushions, and small electric appliances such as irons. According to internee spokesperson Franz Wirz, however, internment was not \"voluntary.\" The women whose husbands had been interned could not afford to support their families in Latin America and in the face of poverty, decided to join their husbands in the United States.\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n    [3]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n  The building facilities at Seagoville, one- and two- story \"red brick structures with cream limestone trim,\" accommodated approximately 550—and perhaps as many as 700—internees. Each of the six two-story dormitories had 40 to 68 single rooms, a kitchen, dining hall, and living room, as well as common laundry, bathing, and toilet facilities. A separate two-story building housed classrooms, an auditorium, and a library that carried over 3,000 volumes, including the Spanish edition of the\n  <i>\n   Readers' Digest\n  </i>\n  . The camp also had a maternity ward.\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_4-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref4-4\">\n    [4]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n  The camp's population changed primarily as a result of repatriation to Germany and Japan. As of April 1943, the camp's population consisted of 200 Japanese and 350 Germans and \"other nationals\" for a total of 550 internees, internal camp records show. In June 1943, the State Department scheduled the exchange vessel, the\n  <i>\n   Gripsholm\n  </i>\n  , to repatriate 1,500 Japanese to Japan from Seagoville and three other internment camps.\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref5_5-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref5-5\">\n    [5]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n  By August 1944, the camp's population had diminished to 372 Germans, 6 Italians, and 2 persons of other nationalities, totaling 380 internees.\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref6_6-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref6-6\">\n    [6]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n  When the camp closed in June 1945, the INS transferred the remaining internees to the internment camp in Crystal City, Texas. Currently, the site is a correctional institution that the Federal Bureau of Prisons describes as \"a low security facility housing male offenders.\"\n  <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref7_7-0\">\n   <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref7-7\">\n    [7]\n   </a>\n  </sup>\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n  <b>\n   Authored by\n   <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Stephen_Mak/\" title=\"Stephen Mak\">\n    Stephen Mak\n   </a>\n   , The Dalton School\n  </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n  Mak, Stephen\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n  <h2>\n   <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n    For More Information\n   </span>\n  </h2>\n  <div class=\"section_content\">\n   <p>\n    Gardiner, C. Harvey.\n    <i>\n     Pawns in a Triangle of Hate: The Peruvian Japanese and the United States\n    </i>\n    . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981.\n   </p>\n   <p>\n    Kashima, Tetsuden.\n    <i>\n     Judgment Without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment during World War\n    </i>\n    . II Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003.\n   </p>\n   <p>\n    Mak, Stephen. \"America's Other Internment: World War II and the Making of Modern Human Rights\" PhD diss., Northwestern University, 2009.\n   </p>\n  </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n  <h2>\n   <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n    Footnotes\n   </span>\n  </h2>\n  <div class=\"section_content\">\n   <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n    <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n     <ol class=\"references\">\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        W. F. Kelly to Joseph O'Rourke, 9 February 1943, File Detention Station Policies, Box 28, E-313, RG85, National Archives I.\n       </span>\n      </li>\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        Statistics cited in Tetsuden Kashima,\n        <i>\n         Judgment without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment during World War II\n        </i>\n        (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003), 113.\n       </span>\n      </li>\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        Franz Wirz to Francis Biddle, 11 November 1943, File Detainee-General 1943-1944, Box 17, E-313, RG85, National Archives I.\n       </span>\n      </li>\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref4-4\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_4-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        \"Information Concerning the U.S. Detention Station at Seagoville, Texas,\" 6 April 1943, File Detention Station Policies, Box 28, E-313, RG85, NAI.\n       </span>\n      </li>\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref5-5\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref5_5-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        T. F. Fitch to W. F. Kelly, 22 June 1943, File Detainee-General 1943-1944, Box 17, E-313, RG85, National Archives I.\n       </span>\n      </li>\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref6-6\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref6_6-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        Kashima,\n        <i>\n         Judgment Without Trial\n        </i>\n        , 113.\n       </span>\n      </li>\n      <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref7-7\">\n       <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n        <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref7_7-0\">\n         ↑\n        </a>\n       </span>\n       <span class=\"reference-text\">\n        Federal Bureau of Prisons, \"FCI Seagoville,\" accessed 29 August 2012,\n        <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/sea/index.jsp\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n         http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/sea/index.jsp\n        </a>\n        .\n       </span>\n      </li>\n     </ol>\n    </div>\n   </div>\n   <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20230622204620\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.020 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.026 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 251/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 3529/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1311/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 2837/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n   <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%   16.742      1 -total\n 19.22%    3.217      1 Template:Reflist\n 11.25%    1.883      1 Template:Databox-Camps\n  8.17%    1.368      1 Template:AuthorByline\n  7.98%    1.336      1 Template:Published\n-->\n   <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:317-0!canonical and timestamp 20230622204620 and revision id 20507\n -->\n  </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n  <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n  </i>\n  Top\n </a>\n</div>",
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