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{
    "url_title": "Tucsonians",
    "title_sort": "tucsonians",
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    "modified": "2020-08-24T14:52:10",
    "title": "Tucsonians",
    "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <p>\n  The Tucsonians are a group of\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nisei/\" title=\"Nisei\">\n   Nisei\n  </a>\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Draft_resistance/\" title=\"Draft resistance\">\n   draft resisters\n  </a>\n  of conscience, self-named \"The Tucsonians\" because of their shared prison experience in the\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Tucson_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Tucson (detention facility)\">\n   Tucson Federal Prison Camp\n  </a>\n  , also known as the Catalina Federal Honor Camp, where they served sentences of six months to just over a year for Selective Service violations. The Tucsonians have held reunions beginning in 1947, continuing periodically through at least 2002. The Tucsonians included resisters from\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Topaz/\" title=\"Topaz\">\n   Topaz\n  </a>\n  ,\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Amache_(Granada)/\" title=\"Amache (Granada)\">\n   Amache\n  </a>\n  , and one resister from the Denver area and one from\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Poston_(Colorado_River)/\" title=\"Poston (Colorado River)\">\n   Poston\n  </a>\n  . Over the years other resisters joined the Tucsonians for formal and informal gatherings. The majority of Tucsonians still living in 2002 attended the\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Japanese_American_Citizens_League/\" title=\"Japanese American Citizens League\">\n   Japanese American Citizens League\n  </a>\n  (JACL) ceremony recognizing the resisters of conscience in an effort to apologize for the hostility with which the JACL treated resisters during and after the war.\n </p>\n <p>\n  The lasting legacy of the Nisei experience at the Tucson Federal Prison Camp was the feelings of closeness it created among those who shared in this experience. In 1947, Bill Nagasaki and Min Yenokida decided to organize the first reunion of the Tucsonians. They thought it was important for this group to stay in touch with one another. This created a lifelong association of resisters who gathered together periodically for more than fifty years. In 1960, two of the Tucsonians' Hopi friends joined them for one such reunion. Wives and children joined in reunion activities as resisters married and had children. Later, resisters from other camps, such as the\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Heart_Mountain_Fair_Play_Committee/\" title=\"Heart Mountain Fair Play Committee\">\n   Heart Mountain group\n  </a>\n  joined the Tucsonians for gatherings, too.\n </p>\n <p>\n  In 1999, a broad coalition of National Forest Service administrators, Japanese Americans, community activists, journalists and scholars celebrated the renaming of the site where the Tucson Federal Prison had once stood. The site was renamed the Gordon Hirabayashi Recreation Site in honor of one of the prisons most notable former prisoners,\n  <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Gordon_Hirabayashi/\" title=\"Gordon Hirabayashi\">\n   Gordon Hirabayashi\n  </a>\n  . In 2001, an interpretive kiosk was unveiled telling the history of the prison, of the wartime forced removal and detention of Japanese Americans, Gordon Hirabayashi's civil disobedience, and other wartime resisters who served time in Tucson, especially the Nisei draft resisters of conscience, the Tucsonians.\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n  <b>\n   Authored by\n   <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Cherstin_M._Lyon/\" title=\"Cherstin M. Lyon\">\n    Cherstin M. Lyon\n   </a>\n   , California State University, San Bernardino\n  </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n  Lyon, Cherstin\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n  <h2>\n   <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n    For More Information\n   </span>\n  </h2>\n  <div class=\"section_content\">\n   <p>\n    Lyon, Cherstin.\n    <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/prisonspatriotsj00lyon\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n     <i>\n      Prisons and Patriots: Japanese American Wartime Citizenship, Civil Disobedience, and Historical Memory\n     </i>\n     .\n    </a>\n    Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2011.\n   </p>\n   <p>\n    Burton, Jeff, et. al.\n    <i>\n     Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites.\n    </i>\n    Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002; National Parks,\n    <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n     http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/\n    </a>\n    .\n   </p>\n   <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20230521153715\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.005 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.007 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 32/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 453/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 144/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 4/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n   <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%    2.686      1 -total\n 49.14%    1.320      1 Template:Published\n 49.11%    1.319      1 Template:AuthorByline\n-->\n   <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:3133-0!canonical and timestamp 20230521153715 and revision id 30918\n -->\n  </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n  <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n  </i>\n  Top\n </a>\n</div>",
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