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{ "url_title": "Fort Bliss (detention facility)", "title_sort": "fortblissdetentionfacility", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Fort%20Bliss%20(detention%20facility)/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Fort%20Bliss%20(detention%20facility)?format=api" }, "modified": "2024-01-09T04:18:38", "title": "Fort Bliss (detention facility)", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div class=\"alert alert-info\">\n <p>\n <strong>\n We need your help!\n </strong>\n There is little available research or existing scholarship about the subject of this article. If you have information or sources that you can share, please help make the Encyclopedia better by contacting us at [email protected].\n </p>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-CampsDisplay\">\n <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n US Gov Name\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Fort Bliss Internment Camp\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n Facility Type\n </a>\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration#U.S._Army_Internment_Camp/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n U.S. Army Internment Camp\n </a>\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Administrative Agency\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n U.S. Army\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Location\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Fort Bliss, Texas (31.8000 lat, -106.2000< lng)\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Date Opened\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Date Closed\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Population Description\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Held Japanese immigrants from mainland U.S., including seventy-three internees transferred from the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Santa_Fe_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Santa Fe (detention facility)\">\n Santa Fe\n </a>\n internment camp; also held German and Italian nationals.\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n General Description\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Located near El Paso in southern Texas, close to the Mexico border.\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Peak Population\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n 91 (1942-10-01)\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n National Park Service Info\n </a>\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-Camps\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n SoSUID:u-blis;\nDenshoName:Fort Bliss;\nUSGName:Fort Bliss Internment Camp;\nType:\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration#U.S._Army_Internment_Camp/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n U.S. Army Internment Camp\n </a>\n ;\nAdminAgency:U.S. Army;\nDateOpened:;\nDateClosed:;\nLocationName:Fort Bliss, Texas;\nCityName:Fort Bliss;\nStateName:TX;\nDescription:Located near El Paso in southern Texas, close to the Mexico border.;\nGISLat:31.8000;\nGISLng:-106.2000<;\nGISTGNId:7021840;\nCurrentDisposition:;\nPopulationDescription:Held Japanese immigrants from mainland U.S., including seventy-three internees transferred from the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Santa_Fe_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Santa Fe (detention facility)\">\n Santa Fe\n </a>\n internment camp; also held German and Italian nationals.;\nExitDestination:;\nPeakPopulation:91;\nPeakDate:1942-10-01;\nNPSMoreInfoResourceLink:\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17.htm\n </a>\n ;\nOfficialResourceLink:;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n Military post in El Paso County, Texas, that also had a small internment facility that held enemy aliens of Japanese, German, and Italian descent. Named after Lt. Col. William Wallace Smith Bliss and established in around 1848, Fort Bliss moved to its current location northeast of El Paso in around 1890. It was used as an army training facility during World War II.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-1\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n The\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nikkei/\" title=\"Nikkei\">\n Nikkei\n </a>\n internees included seventy-three\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Issei/\" title=\"Issei\">\n Issei\n </a>\n from the West Coast as well as a smaller number of Issei from the surrounding area including New Mexico. The former group came to Fort Bliss from the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Santa_Fe_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Santa Fe (detention facility)\">\n Santa Fe internment camp\n </a>\n on May 24, 1942, where they had received their hearings. They were held in a detention area that was 356 feet square and included two compounds that were surrounded by a double barbed wire fence with guard towers at the corners. A group of ninety-one Nikkei—perhaps the West Coast group combined with the locally detained group—were sent to\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Lordsburg_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Lordsburg (detention facility)\">\n Lordsburg\n </a>\n on June 26, 1942. The detention station was closed in November 1942.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-2\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n As was the case with\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Camp_McCoy_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Camp McCoy (detention facility)\">\n Camp McCoy\n </a>\n and other camps, Fort Bliss was both an internment site for Issei and a place where Nisei soldiers in the US Army trained. In particular, a group of Nisei who had been in the army prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor were subsequently transferred to Fort Bliss before being assigned to the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/442nd_Regimental_Combat_Team/\" title=\"442nd Regimental Combat Team\">\n 442nd Regimental Combat Team\n </a>\n or\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Military_Intelligence_Service/\" title=\"Military Intelligence Service\">\n Military Intelligence Service\n </a>\n .\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-3\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-3\">\n [3]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n \"\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://www.thc.texas.gov/preserve/projects-and-programs/military-history/texas-world-war-ii/world-war-ii-japanese-american-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Fort Bliss Enemy Alien Detention Station.\n </a>\n \" Texas Historical Commission.\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Brian_Niiya/\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n Brian Niiya\n </a>\n , Densho\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Barbara Wyatt, ed.,\n <i>\n Japanese Americans in World War II: National Historic Landmarks Theme Study\n </i>\n (Washington, D.C.: National Historic Landmarks Program, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2012), 183; \"Fort Bliss Enemy Alien Detention Station,\" Texas Historical Commission, accessed on June 7, 2021 at\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://www.thc.texas.gov/preserve/projects-and-programs/military-history/texas-world-war-ii/world-war-ii-japanese-american-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://www.thc.texas.gov/preserve/projects-and-programs/military-history/texas-world-war-ii/world-war-ii-japanese-american-3\n </a>\n .\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Tetsuden Kashima,\n <i>\n Judgment Without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment during World War II\n </i>\n (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002), 110, 197; \"Fort Bliss Enemy Alien Detention Station.\"\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-3\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Wyatt, ed.,\n <i>\n Japanese Americans in World War II\n </i>\n , 183; Minoru \"Min\" Tsubota interview by Tom Ikeda, Aug. 18, 2003, Segments 23 and 24, Seattle, Washington, Densho Visual History Collection, Densho Digital Repository,\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-149-transcript-2b8b2d1ac9.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-149-transcript-2b8b2d1ac9.htm\n </a>\n ; Kitako Izumizaki Interview by Megan Asaka, July 28, 2008, Segments 16 and 17, Watsonville, California, Watsonville - Santa Cruz JACL Collection, Densho Digital Repository,\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1015/ddr-densho-1015-3-transcript-34c70f4a1c.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1015/ddr-densho-1015-3-transcript-34c70f4a1c.htm\n </a>\n ; John Kats Marumoto Interview by Martha Nakagawa, Feb. 28, 2011, Segment 23, Los Angeles, California, Densho Visual History Collection, Densho Digital Repository,\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-322-transcript-6ebc337054.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-densho-1000/ddr-densho-1000-322-transcript-6ebc337054.htm\n </a>\n .\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240418160708\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.016 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.023 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 216/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 3713/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1163/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 2798/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 17.019 1 -total\n 16.27% 2.769 1 Template:Reflist\n 11.42% 1.944 1 Template:Databox-Camps\n 8.20% 1.396 1 Template:Published\n 8.10% 1.379 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 7.79% 1.326 1 Template:needmoreinfo\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:1214-0!canonical and timestamp 20240418160708 and revision id 35892\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/Camps/?format=api" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Brian%20Niiya/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [ "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/facet/topics/topics-432/objects/" ], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Forsaken%20Fields%20(film)/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Fort%20Howard%20(detention%20facility)/?format=api" }