Article
DOCUMENTATION GOES HERE.
GET /api/0.1/articles/It%20Did%20Happen%20Here:%20The%20Japanese%20Evacuation%20of%201942%20(conference)/
{ "url_title": "It Did Happen Here: The Japanese Evacuation of 1942 (conference)", "title_sort": "itdidhappenherethejapaneseevacuationof1942conference", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/It%20Did%20Happen%20Here:%20The%20Japanese%20Evacuation%20of%201942%20(conference)/", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/It%20Did%20Happen%20Here:%20The%20Japanese%20Evacuation%20of%201942%20(conference)" }, "modified": "2024-12-11T16:34:53", "title": "It Did Happen Here: The Japanese Evacuation of 1942 (conference)", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <p>\n Public symposium held on the UCLA campus to mark the 25th anniversary of the wartime exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans that was a precursor to the renewed interest in the topic in the decades to come and almost certainly the first related public event since the war years.\n </p>\n <p>\n UCLA Professors\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Roger_Daniels/\" title=\"Roger Daniels\">\n Roger Daniels\n </a>\n and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Harry_Kitano/\" title=\"Harry Kitano\">\n Harry H.L. Kitano\n </a>\n —both of whom were working on books on some aspect of the wartime incarceration—planned the event, which was sponsored by the University of California Extension program in Los Angeles and the UCLA history department. Held on June 3, 1967, in UCLA's Schoenberg Hall, admission to the all-day event cost $7.50, including a buffet lunch. Students could attend for discounted rate of $2. About three hundred people attended.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n The stated purpose of the event was to analyze \"the long-term impact of the Evacuation both upon the Japanese American community and American public consciousness.\" To that end, there were four sessions. The first session, \"Why It Happened Here,\" began at 9 am and featured Daniels and Judge Robert W. Kenney, who was a California state senator in 1942 and the state's attorney general from 1943–47. Daniels's presentation focused on the run up to\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Executive_Order_9066/\" title=\"Executive Order 9066\">\n Executive Order 9066\n </a>\n and the roles played by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/John_DeWitt/\" title=\"John DeWitt\">\n John DeWitt\n </a>\n ,\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Karl_Bendetsen/\" title=\"Karl Bendetsen\">\n Karl Bendetsen\n </a>\n , and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Allen_Gullion/\" title=\"Allen Gullion\">\n Allen Gullion\n </a>\n , previewing a chapter from his influential 1971 book\n <i>\n <a class=\"mw-redirect encyc notrg\" href=\"/Concentration_Camps,_USA_(book)/\" title=\"Concentration Camps, USA (book)\">\n Concentration Camps USA\n </a>\n </i>\n . Kenney recalled the events from his perspective, arguing that \"anti-Japanese hysteria was deliberately whipped up after Pearl Harbor...the Evacuation was artificially manufactured....\" The 11 am session, \"Community Reactions and Life in the Relocation Centers,\" featured\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2020/9/29/leonard-arrington/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Leonard Arrington\n </a>\n , a visiting professor at UCLA whose study of the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Topaz/\" title=\"Topaz\">\n Topaz\n </a>\n , Utah, camp was perhaps the first academic work on any one WRA camp; Victor Goertzel, who had been a vocational counselor at Topaz High School and the director of the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Philadelphia_Hostel/\" title=\"Philadelphia Hostel\">\n Philadelphia Hostel\n </a>\n ; along with two prominent\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nisei/\" title=\"Nisei\">\n Nisei\n </a>\n former inmates, Joe Grant Masaoka and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Togo_Tanaka/\" title=\"Togo Tanaka\">\n Togo Tanaka\n </a>\n , both of whom had been important figures in the early months at\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Manzanar/\" title=\"Manzanar\">\n Manzanar\n </a>\n .\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n After a buffet lunch, the first afternoon session, \"The Socio-Psychological Impact of the Evacuation,\" featured Kitano, who focused on the overwhelming public approval of the forced removal and incarceration and the \"meek and humble\" response of Japanese Americans, noting the many reasons behind that response. The closing panel, \"Return to the West Coast: The Postwar Situation,\" featured Kenney, Kitano, Rev. William M. Shinto of the Evergreen Baptist Church, and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Japanese_American_Citizens_League/\" title=\"Japanese American Citizens League\">\n JACL\n </a>\n President Jerry Enomoto. In his summation of the event, Masaoka noted the presence in the audience of crusading real estate agent\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/William_C._Carr_and_Friends_of_the_American_Way/\" title=\"William C. Carr and Friends of the American Way\">\n William C. Carr\n </a>\n actors George Takei and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Mako/\" title=\"Mako\">\n Mako\n </a>\n , and cinematographer James Wong Howe, the last \"commenting he was going to make a movie of a Nisei love story about the Evacuation.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n [3]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n Community reaction was muted. In a later interview, Daniels noted early support from the community, but that \"as word got out of what was going on, and before it had been held, the climate changed in the community,\" noting some behind the scenes pressure to not have the event. \"Nobody, of course, no Issei or Nisei who disapproved came and protested, because that is not the way things are done. But I know that there were people in the audience who sat there with grim faces, but most began to feel that it was something to do.\" Alluding the discomfort in the room,\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Rafu_Shimpo_(newspaper)/\" title=\"Rafu Shimpo (newspaper)\">\n Rafu Shimpo\n </a>\n </i>\n columnist Ellen Endo wrote \"that Nisei (those who were actually interned) were discontented with the symposium because it brought 25-year old memories out of the woodwork.\" But she also wrote that\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sansei/\" title=\"Sansei\">\n Sansei\n </a>\n and others \"found it quite informative and interesting, we are told.\" According to Daniels, plans to publish the proceedings from the symposium were abandoned.\n <i>\n It Did Happen Here\n </i>\n remains little remembered today.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_4-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref4-4\">\n [4]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Brian_Niiya/\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n Brian Niiya\n </a>\n , Densho\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Roger Daniels Interview I, interviewed by Brian Niiya (primary); Tom Ikeda (secondary), Seattle, Washington, April 22, 2013, Densho Visual History Collection, Densho Digital Repository;\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , May 26, 1967;\n <i>\n Rafu Shimpo\n </i>\n May 22 and June 2, 1967; Joe Grant Masaoka, \"UCLA Symposium on Evacuation: Japanese Tailor-Made for Army Order, Says Kitano,\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , June 9, 1967.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n <i>\n Rafu Shimpo\n </i>\n May 22, 1967; Masaoka, \"UCLA Symposium on Evacuation.\"\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Masaoka, \"UCLA Symposium on Evacuation.\"\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref4-4\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_4-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Daniels Interview I; Ellen Endo, \"Open End-O,\"\n <i>\n Rafu Shimpo\n </i>\n , June 10, 1967.\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20241211163453\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.011 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.014 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 111/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 514/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 58/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 1703/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 9.824 1 -total\n 30.94% 3.040 1 Template:Reflist\n 14.64% 1.438 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 14.48% 1.423 1 Template:Published\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:2701-0!canonical and timestamp 20241211163453 and revision id 37363\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/Chroniclers/" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Brian%20Niiya/" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Issei:%20The%20First%20Generation%20(film)/", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Iva%20Toguri%20D'Aquino/" }