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{ "url_title": "James Hatsuaki Wakasa", "title_sort": "wakasajames", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/James%20Hatsuaki%20Wakasa/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/James%20Hatsuaki%20Wakasa?format=api" }, "modified": "2020-06-22T18:40:11", "title": "James Hatsuaki Wakasa", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div class=\"alert alert-info\">\n <p>\n The content in this article is still under development. A completed version will appear soon!\n </p>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-PeopleDisplay\">\n <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Name\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n James Wakasa\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Born\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n February 24 1880\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Died\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n April 11 1943\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Birth Location\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Generational Identifier\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <p>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Issei/\" title=\"Issei\">\n Issei\n </a>\n </p>\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-People\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n FirstName:James Hatsuaki;\nLastName:Wakasa;\nDisplayName:James Wakasa;\nBirthDate:1880-02-24;\nDeathDate:1943-04-11;\nBirthLocation:Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan;\nGender:Male;\nEthnicity:JA;\nGenerationIdentifier:Issei;\nNationality:US;\nExternalResourceLink:;\nPrimaryGeography:;\nReligion:;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Issei/\" title=\"Issei\">\n Issei\n </a>\n man who was shot and killed at\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Topaz/\" title=\"Topaz\">\n Topaz\n </a>\n concentration camp, Utah, while walking his dog inside the barbed wire fence, April 11, 1943. Wakasa, 63, a chef, attended Keio college in Japan and immigrated to the U.S. in 1903. He was killed by a single bullet to the chest by a military sentry who later testified that the shot from the guard tower, some 300 yards away, was a warning. The military took the body away and no inquest was held. Believing that a riot might be imminent, the military put soldiers on emergency alert. The\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Topaz_Times_(newspaper)/\" title=\"Topaz Times (newspaper)\">\n Topaz Times\n </a>\n </i>\n and local papers printed the military's claim that Wakasa was killed while going through the fence, but\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/War_Relocation_Authority/\" title=\"War Relocation Authority\">\n War Relocation Authority\n </a>\n investigations established that the body lay several feet inside the fence and a postmortem examination found that the victim was facing the guard when he was shot. The accused, Private First Class Gerald Philpott, was found not guilty in a court-martial trial but the facts were \"never satisfactorily disclosed to the residents,\" wrote\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Min%C3%A9_Okubo/\" title=\"Miné Okubo\">\n Miné Okubo\n </a>\n in\n <i>\n <a class=\"encyc rg\" href=\"/Citizen_13660_(book)/\" title=\"Citizen 13660 (book)\">\n Citizen 13660\n </a>\n </i>\n . Not long after the camp funeral, an unauthorized monument to Wakasa was built by the Topaz landscape crew. It stirred concern within the military and, under pressure, the men took down the memorial. Asst. Secretary of War\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/John_McCloy/\" title=\"John McCloy\">\n John J. McCloy\n </a>\n was so concerned about the monument that he wrote to\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Dillon_Myer/\" title=\"Dillon Myer\">\n Dillon S. Myer\n </a>\n about the dangers of memorializing the victim of a \"justifiable military action.\"\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nancy_Ukai_Russell/\" title=\"Nancy Ukai Russell\">\n Nancy Ukai Russell\n </a>\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Russell, Nancy Ukai\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Daniels, Roger.\n <i>\n Asian America: Chinese and Japanese in the United States since 1850\n </i>\n . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988.\n </p>\n <p>\n Okubo, Miné.\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/citizen1366000mine\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n <i>\n Citizen 13660\n </i>\n </a>\n . New York: Columbia University Press, 1946.\n </p>\n <p>\n Taylor, Sandra C.\n <i>\n Jewel of the Desert: Japanese American Internment at Topaz\n </i>\n . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.\n </p>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20230521153704\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.011 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.016 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 132/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 2122/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 288/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 6/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 10.854 1 -total\n 63.02% 6.840 1 Template:Databox-People\n 12.26% 1.331 1 Template:Published\n 12.22% 1.326 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 11.32% 1.229 1 Template:comingsoon\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:1885-0!canonical and timestamp 20230521153704 and revision id 30192\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/People/?format=api" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Nancy%20Ukai%20Russell/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/James%20H.%20Barnett/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/James%20Omura/?format=api" }