Article
DOCUMENTATION GOES HERE.
GET /api/0.1/articles/Sharp%20Park%20(detention%20facility)/?format=api
{ "url_title": "Sharp Park (detention facility)", "title_sort": "sharpparkdetentionfacility", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Sharp%20Park%20(detention%20facility)/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Sharp%20Park%20(detention%20facility)?format=api" }, "modified": "2024-01-16T02:14:35", "title": "Sharp Park (detention facility)", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div id=\"databox-CampsDisplay\">\n <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n US Gov Name\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Sharp Park Detention Station\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n Facility Type\n </a>\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration#Immigration_Detention_Station/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n Immigration Detention Station\n </a>\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Administrative Agency\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Immigration and Naturalization Service\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Location\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Sharp Park, California (37.6167 lat, -122.4667 lng)\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Date Opened\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n March 30, 1942\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Date Closed\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n 1946\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Population Description\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Held people of Japanese descent from California and Peru; also held German, Italian, and Chinese nationals\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n General Description\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Located near Sharp Park in Northern California; set on a former state relief camp.\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Peak Population\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n 379 (1942-07-14)\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17a.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n National Park Service Info\n </a>\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-Camps\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n SoSUID:i-shar;\nDenshoName:Sharp Park;\nUSGName:Sharp Park Detention Station;\nType:\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration#Immigration_Detention_Station/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n Immigration Detention Station\n </a>\n ;\nAdminAgency:Immigration and Naturalization Service;\nDateOpened:March 30, 1942;\nDateClosed:1946;\nLocationName:Sharp Park, California;\nCityName:Sharp Park;\nStateName:CA;\nDescription:Located near Sharp Park in Northern California; set on a former state relief camp.;\nGISLat:37.6167;\nGISLng:-122.4667;\nGISTGNId:1103075;\nCurrentDisposition:;\nPopulationDescription:Held people of Japanese descent from California and Peru; also held German, Italian, and Chinese nationals;\nExitDestination:;\nPeakPopulation:379;\nPeakDate:1942-07-14;\nNPSMoreInfoResourceLink:\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17a.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17a.htm\n </a>\n ;\nOfficialResourceLink:;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n The Sharp Park Internment Camp was established to be a temporary holding station where enemy aliens were held. Alien Japanese were arrested hours after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and remained at Sharp Park for only a limited time before being sent to more permanent government prison-like facilities. The Sharp Park Internment Camp is now the home of the San Francisco Archery Club. The former enemy alien site is located near Sharp Park Road off Highway 1 and is located in a canyon next to the Sharp Park Golf Course in the City of Pacifica, California, which is located south of the City and County of San Francisco along the Pacific Ocean.\n </p>\n <div aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\" class=\"toc\" id=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\">\n <input class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" role=\"button\" style=\"display:none\" type=\"checkbox\"/>\n <div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n <h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">\n Contents\n </h2>\n <span class=\"toctogglespan\">\n <label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\">\n </label>\n </span>\n </div>\n <ul>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#History_of_Sharp_Park\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 1\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n History of Sharp Park\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Sharp_Park_Internment_Camp_1941-1946\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 2\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Sharp Park Internment Camp 1941-1946\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#After_the_War\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 3\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n After the War\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#For_More_Information\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 4\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Footnotes\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 5\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"History_of_Sharp_Park\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"History_of_Sharp_Park\">\n History of Sharp Park\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Sharp Park is named after George F. Sharp who established the over 400-arce estate in 1849. Mr. Sharp died in October 1882 and when his wife, Honora Sharp, passed away on February 8, 1905, the estate was left to the City of San Francisco with specific instructions that the property be used for recreational functions.\n </p>\n <p>\n Sharp Park is located in a canyon off Highway 1 in Pacifica, California, which is located about ten miles south of the San Francisco along the Pacific Ocean. Sharp Park came into existence in 1917, a golf course opened in 1931, and a boy's club/state relief camp was set up in the 1930s before the establishment of the internment camp in 1941. The state relief camp provided shelter, food, medical services, and employment for San Francisco's indigents. The\n <i>\n Sharp Park Breakers\n </i>\n reported that the San Francisco Board of Directors rejected the closing of Sharp Park, and it remained open as a camp for San Francisco's poor.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n It is not clear when Sharp Park was transformed from an \"older boys\" camp to a state relief camp to an\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service/\" title=\"Immigration and Naturalization Service\">\n Immigration and Naturalization Service\n </a>\n (INS) center. It does appear from an article in the\n <i>\n Sharp Park Breakers\n </i>\n that Sharp Park was an INS center in 1939 and controlled by the United States Army and INS.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Sharp_Park_Internment_Camp_1941-1946\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Sharp_Park_Internment_Camp_1941-1946\">\n Sharp Park Internment Camp 1941-1946\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, U.S. government agencies immediately implemented their clandestine plans for the incarceration of enemy aliens. The \"enemy alien\" label was placed on non-United States citizens of Japanese, German, and Italian ancestry. A number of predetermined internment sites were established in places such as Terminal Island,\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Tuna_Canyon_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Tuna Canyon (detention facility)\">\n Tuna Canyon\n </a>\n , and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/San_Pedro_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"San Pedro (detention facility)\">\n San Pedro\n </a>\n in Southern California; and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Fort_McDowell_/_Angel_Island_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Fort McDowell / Angel Island (detention facility)\">\n Angel Island\n </a>\n and Sharp Park in Northern California.\n </p>\n <p>\n On March 22, 1942, nine permanent alien enemy internment camps were built with an additional fourteen more camps erected that would be reserved for enemy alien internees and their families.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n [3]\n </a>\n </sup>\n Camp Sharp Park, as it was then named, was an INS camp that held Japanese, German and Italian enemy alien men and a few alien women inmates. During the early months of 1942, the Sharp Park Internment Center became a processing center and was a minimum-security center. Additional barracks were built to increase capacity from 450 to 1,200, and at various times over 2,500 German, Italian, and Japanese internees would be imprisoned at Sharp Park Internment Center. Some Mexican and Canadian enemy aliens were housed there as well.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_4-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref4-4\">\n [4]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n The\n <i>\n San Francisco News\n </i>\n reported that 193 enemy aliens, mostly Japanese, were detained at Sharp Park to ease the overcrowding at the federal Immigration Station, in San Francisco.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref5_5-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref5-5\">\n [5]\n </a>\n </sup>\n The overcrowding condition occurred when Angel Island's Immigration Station Building burnt down in 1940 and when war was declared on the Axis Powers. The Sharp Park Internment Center was strongly guarded and the potentially dangerous group could be moved inland as soon as camps are opened up in the near future. Another article from the\n <i>\n Sharp Park Breakers\n </i>\n reported that Sharp Park was surrounded by \"[10 foot high] cyclone fences of fine mesh\" and \"topped with barbed wire and floodlights to prevent escape attempts.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref6_6-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref6-6\">\n [6]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n Stanford instructor and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Issei/\" title=\"Issei\">\n Issei\n </a>\n leader\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Yamato_Ichihashi/\" title=\"Yamato Ichihashi\">\n Yamato Ichihashi\n </a>\n spent six weeks in Sharp Park. He wrote about the camp in his diary:\n </p>\n <blockquote>\n <p>\n It [Sharp Park] is situated not far from Salada Beach in a beautiful valley which is surrounded by hills covered with green trees and shrubs; on the western side between low hills the Pacific Ocean is visible. The ground is limited by tall iron net-fences and small in area; barracks 20' x 120' are well-built and painted outside and inside and are regularly arranged; there are 10 of these for [?] inmates, each accommodating about 40, divided into 5 rooms for 8 persons each; if double-decked (beds), 80 can be put in.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref7_7-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref7-7\">\n [7]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n </blockquote>\n <p>\n Ichihashi also reported:\n </p>\n <blockquote>\n <p>\n [T]he number of detainees never exceeded 500; there are alien enemies – Japanese, German, and Italians, and 'Internationals,' mostly immigration cases. When I arrived there, the number was about 280, and when I left there on Oct. 26, there were only 145 men and 22 women or 167 in all, due to release or internment. However, the increase and diminution are not indicated by the number because new arrivals came during the period.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref8_8-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref8-8\">\n [8]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n </blockquote>\n <p>\n The Issei were the first group of persons of Japanese ancestry to be imprisoned at various \"temporary\" locations such as Sharp Park prior to being sent to more permanent facilities.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref9_9-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref9-9\">\n [9]\n </a>\n </sup>\n The Issei were community leaders like businesspersons, clergy, language school teachers, and martial arts instructors. But in addition to these Japanese Americans,\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Japanese_Latin_Americans/\" title=\"Japanese Latin Americans\">\n Japanese Latin Americans\n </a>\n were also sent to the United States for internment. Like Japanese Americans, this was done without regard to their citizenship or to their legal status in their countries. On July 15, 1943, 119 Peruvian Japanese were sent to Sharp Park and would later be sent to\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Fort_Missoula_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Fort Missoula (detention facility)\">\n Fort Missoula\n </a>\n , Montana. Over fifteen Latin American countries capitulated to the U.S. demands and eventually deported a total of over 6,600 individuals of Japanese, German, and Italian ancestry, along with some of their families, to U.S. internment camps.\n </p>\n <p>\n Sharp Park Internment Center was closed in 1946. Those few remaining German or Italian American prisoners were given the option to renounce their U.S. citizenship. A few did but later many of the renunciants regretted their decisions and fought to reverse them so they could remain in their homeland, the United States.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"After_the_War\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"After_the_War\">\n After the War\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Towards the end of World War II, civilian proposals were being submitted for the redevelopment of the Sharp Park property. As reported from a local newspaper, the State of California Correction Department had made comments about opening a $1.2 million construction for \"..... old boys [which would] hold up to 500 boys.\" There was public opposition as noted in the\n <i>\n Sharp Park Breakers\n </i>\n to such plans and the state decided not to locate a correctional faculty there.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref10_10-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref10-10\">\n [10]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n Today there does not appear to be any evidence of an internment campsite. But according to Jerry Crow of the Pacifica Historical Society, there are \"remnants of the stonework between the old rifle range and the archery [club] range.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref11_11-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref11-11\">\n [11]\n </a>\n </sup>\n Also it's been reported that slabs of concrete foundations remain as well as a small green building that may be used for storage by the City of San Francisco but this author could not confirm these statements.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref12_12-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref12-12\">\n [12]\n </a>\n </sup>\n Also according to the Archery Club members, there is a garbage site that has not been disturbed due to the fact that it is covered with prison oak.\n </p>\n <p>\n The only known surviving structure that was actually on the site but moved to its present location is a Quonset hut. The Pacifica Co-op Nursery School, a community day care center in Pacifica, currently uses the Quonset hut as their main classroom. Another Sharp Park Quonset hut was moved (date unknown) to Sonoma to be part of their new Boys Club but its current status is not known at this time.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref13_13-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref13-13\">\n [13]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Lewis_Kawahara/\" title=\"Lewis Kawahara\">\n Lewis Kawahara\n </a>\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Kawahara, Lewis\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Chang, Gordon H., ed.\n <i>\n Morning Glory, Evening Shadow: Yamato Ichihashi and His Internment Writings, 1942-1945\n </i>\n . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997.\n </p>\n <p>\n Krammer, Arnold.\n <i>\n Undue Process: The Untold Story of America's German Alien Internees\n </i>\n . New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1997.\n </p>\n <p>\n Pacifica Historical Society. \"Camp Sharp Park.\"\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"https://pacificahistory.org/camp-sharp-park\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n https://pacificahistory.org/camp-sharp-park\n </a>\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n \"Sharp Park Camp to stay for indigents,\"\n <i>\n Sharp Park Breakers\n </i>\n , June 21, 1941.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n <i>\n Sharp Park Breakers\n </i>\n , June 21, 1941.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Arnold Krammer,\n <i>\n Undue Process: The Untold Story of America's German Alien Internees\n </i>\n (New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 1997), 83.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref4-4\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_4-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Krammer,\n <i>\n Undue Process\n </i>\n , 26.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref5-5\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref5_5-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n <i>\n San Francisco News\n </i>\n , March 31, 1942.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref6-6\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref6_6-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n <i>\n Sharp Park Breakers\n </i>\n , April 3, 1942.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref7-7\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref7_7-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Gordon H. Chang, ed.,\n <i>\n Morning Glory, Evening Shadow: Yamato Ichihashi and His Internment Writings, 1942-1945\n </i>\n (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997), 152.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref8-8\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref8_8-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Chang,\n <i>\n Morning Glory\n </i>\n , 152.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref9-9\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref9_9-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Jeffery F. Burton, Mary M. Farrell, Florence B. Lord, and Richard W. Lord,\n <i>\n Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites\n </i>\n (Western Archeological and Conservation Center, National Park Service, 1999, 2000),\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17a.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce17a.htm\n </a>\n .\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref10-10\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref10_10-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n <i>\n Sharp Park Breakers\n </i>\n , June 27, 1945.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref11-11\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref11_11-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Jerry Crow e-mail to author, Oct 1, 2006.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref12-12\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref12_12-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Undated newspaper article from the file of the Pacifica Library.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref13-13\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref13_13-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Undated newspaper article from the file of the Pacifica Library.\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240418160746\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.022 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.028 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 321/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 3374/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1156/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 4745/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 19.424 1 -total\n 21.02% 4.083 1 Template:Reflist\n 9.94% 1.930 1 Template:Databox-Camps\n 7.86% 1.526 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 7.24% 1.407 1 Template:Published\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:321-0!canonical and timestamp 20240418160746 and revision id 35952\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/Camps/?format=api" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Lewis%20Kawahara/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [ "https://ddr.densho.org/api/0.2/facet/topics/topics-418/objects/" ], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Setsuko%20Matsunaga%20Nishi/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Sherman%20Burgoyne/?format=api" }