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{ "url_title": "The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans during World War II (book)", "title_sort": "greatbetrayal", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/The%20Great%20Betrayal:%20The%20Evacuation%20of%20the%20Japanese-Americans%20during%20World%20War%20II%20(book)/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/The%20Great%20Betrayal:%20The%20Evacuation%20of%20the%20Japanese-Americans%20during%20World%20War%20II%20(book)?format=api" }, "modified": "2024-01-25T18:39:56", "title": "The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans during World War II (book)", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div id=\"databox-BooksDisplay\">\n <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Title\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans during World War II\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Author\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Audrie Girdner; Anne Loftis\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Original Publisher\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Macmillan\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Original Publication Date\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n 1969\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Pages\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n 562\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Awards\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n California Book Award Silver Medal, 1969; Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, 1970\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n WorldCat Link\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.worldcat.org/title/great-betrayal-the-evacuation-of-the-japanese-americans-during-world-war-ii/oclc/24294/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.worldcat.org/title/great-betrayal-the-evacuation-of-the-japanese-americans-during-world-war-ii/oclc/24294/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br\n </a>\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-Books\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n Title:The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans during World War II;\nAuthor:Audrie Girdner; Anne Loftis;\nIllustrator:;\nOrigTitle:;\nCountry:;\nLanguage:;\nSeries:;\nGenre:;\nPublisher:Macmillan;\nPubDate:1969;\nCurrentPublisher:;\nCurrentPubDate:;\nMediaType:;\nPages:562;\nAwards:California Book Award Silver Medal, 1969; Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, 1970;\nISBN:;\nWorldCatLink:\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.worldcat.org/title/great-betrayal-the-evacuation-of-the-japanese-americans-during-world-war-ii/oclc/24294/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.worldcat.org/title/great-betrayal-the-evacuation-of-the-japanese-americans-during-world-war-ii/oclc/24294/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br\n </a>\n ;\n </p>\n </div>\n <div class=\"floatright\">\n </div>\n <p>\n Sprawling, 562-page popular history tome on the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II.\n <i>\n The Great Betrayal\n </i>\n was one of several historical accounts on this topic that appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s that contributed to a much greater awareness of it both inside and outside the Japanese American community.\n </p>\n <p>\n The account was based on both primary and secondary sources (most of the former from the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace at Stanford University) and interviews with many of the principals, both Japanese American and non-Japanese American. After two chapters recounting the prewar history of Japanese Americans, the authors delve into the story of\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Executive_Order_9066/\" title=\"Executive Order 9066\">\n Executive Order 9066\n </a>\n , exclusion, and incarceration, providing much detail on specific \"\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Assembly_centers/\" title=\"Assembly centers\">\n assembly centers\n </a>\n \" and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/War_Relocation_Authority/\" title=\"War Relocation Authority\">\n War Relocation Authority\n </a>\n administered concentration camps and touching on topics largely neglected in other accounts of the period including\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Draft_resistance/\" title=\"Draft resistance\">\n draft resistance\n </a>\n and the fate of\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nisei/\" title=\"Nisei\">\n Nisei\n </a>\n caught in Japan. A full one-third of the book is devoted to the post-incarceration period, covering both inland\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Resettlement/\" title=\"Resettlement\">\n resettlement\n </a>\n and the rocky\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Return_to_West_Coast/\" title=\"Return to West Coast\">\n return to the West Coast\n </a>\n , the turning back of discriminatory legislation in the decade after the war, and two chapters on the current state of the community and its nascent interest in revisiting the incarceration story twenty-five years later. Appendices include a range of documents including the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Japanese_American_Creed/\" title=\"Japanese American Creed\">\n Japanese American Creed\n </a>\n (called \"The Creed of the JACL\"), Executive Order 9066, Public Proclamations 5 and 6, a sample of one of the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Civilian_exclusion_orders/\" title=\"Civilian exclusion orders\">\n exclusion orders\n </a>\n , and the \"Application for Leave Clearance,\" aka the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Loyalty_questionnaire/\" title=\"Loyalty questionnaire\">\n loyalty questionnaire\n </a>\n .\n </p>\n <p>\n At the time, both authors were freelance writers based in the San Francisco Bay area.\n <i>\n The Great Betrayal\n </i>\n was the first book for each. Loftis, the daughter of renowned historical Allan Nevins, went on to author four other books, most dealing with aspects of California labor history.\n <i>\n The Great Betrayal\n </i>\n won an Anisfield-Wolf Book Award (awarded to books that make \"important contributions to our understanding of racism and our appreciation of the rich diversity of human cultures\") in 1970 and a California Book Award Silver Medal from the Commonwealth Club of California in 1969.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n The book was widely reviewed in both mainstream and academic publications, with nearly all of the reviews positive. In many cases, it was reviewed in combination with one of the other books on the topic released at around the same time, including\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Bill_Hosokawa/\" title=\"Bill Hosokawa\">\n Bill Hosokawa\n </a>\n 's\n <i>\n Nisei: The Quiet Americans\n </i>\n ,\n <i>\n The Impounded People\n </i>\n by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Edward_Spicer/\" title=\"Edward Spicer\">\n Edward H. Spicer\n </a>\n , et al., and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Dillon_Myer/\" title=\"Dillon Myer\">\n Dillon Myer\n </a>\n 's\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/uprootedamerican00dill\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n <i>\n Uprooted Americans: The Japanese Americans and the War Relocation Authority During World War II\n </i>\n </a>\n . Reviewers praised the book's scope and range of research, it's accessibility, and it's focus on individual stories. Typical of the reviews are those by Joseph M. Kitagawa in\n <i>\n Christian Century\n </i>\n and by\n <i>\n Publishers' Weekly\n </i>\n . The former wrote that the the book, while \"... less technical than many others, gives a lucid account of this sad drama,\" adding that \"The authors tried, 'above all, to tell the story of people, of their reactions and experiences in this cataclysmic uprooting,' and in this venture they are successful.\" The latter called it \"... the most down-to-earth, compassionate, yet probingly objective and thorough book we have yet seen on the subject.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n [2]\n </a>\n </sup>\n In an otherwise positive review, Roger Daniels wrote in\n <i>\n Pacific Historical Review\n </i>\n that the authors were \"a little too smug… about the 'happy ending' that history seems to have given the Japanese-American story.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n [3]\n </a>\n </sup>\n The sole wholly negative review was by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Marvin_Opler/\" title=\"Marvin Opler\">\n Marvin K. Opler\n </a>\n in\n <i>\n American Anthropologist\n </i>\n . A\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Community_analysts/\" title=\"Community analysts\">\n community analyst\n </a>\n in\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Tule_Lake/\" title=\"Tule Lake\">\n Tule Lake\n </a>\n during the war—and the co-author of a competing book that had just been reissued—Opler objected to the authors' treatment of post-segregation Tule Lake and faulted them for not using community analysis reports and other contemporaneous documents.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_4-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref4-4\">\n [4]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <p>\n Though going on fifty years old,\n <i>\n The Great Betrayal\n </i>\n is still sometimes cited by scholars due to the wide range of topics it covers and its many interviews with subjects who have long since passed away. Tapes of some of the interviews are held by the University of California, Berkeley Libraries.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref5_5-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref5-5\">\n [5]\n </a>\n </sup>\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Brian_Niiya/\" title=\"Brian Niiya\">\n Brian Niiya\n </a>\n , Densho\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Niiya, Brian\n </div>\n <div aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\" class=\"toc\" id=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\">\n <input class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" role=\"button\" style=\"display:none\" type=\"checkbox\"/>\n <div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n <h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">\n Contents\n </h2>\n <span class=\"toctogglespan\">\n <label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\">\n </label>\n </span>\n </div>\n <ul>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Find_in_the_Digital_Library_of_Japanese_American_Incarceration\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 1\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Find in the Digital Library of Japanese American Incarceration\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#For_More_Information\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 2\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Reviews\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 3\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Reviews\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#Footnotes\">\n <span class=\"tocnumber\">\n 4\n </span>\n <span class=\"toctext\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </a>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Find_in_the_Digital_Library_of_Japanese_American_Incarceration\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Find_in_the_Digital_Library_of_Japanese_American_Incarceration\">\n Find in the Digital Library of Japanese American Incarceration\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n <b>\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/greatbetrayaleva00unse\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans during World War II\n </a>\n </b>\n </p>\n <p style=\"font-size:8pt;line-height:1.5;color: #aaa;\">\n This item has been made freely available in the\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/digital-library-of-japanese-american-incarceration\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Digital Library of Japanese American Incarceration\n </a>\n , a collaborative project with\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Internet Archive\n </a>\n .\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Girdner, Audrie, and Anne Loftis.\n <i>\n The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans during World War II\n </i>\n . London: Macmillan, 1969.\n </p>\n <p>\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf929006r6/.\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Guide to Anne Loftis Papers, 1953–1978\n </a>\n . Stanford University.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Reviews\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Reviews\">\n Reviews\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Beekman, Allan. \"Evacuation History Misses Main Point.\"\n <i>\n Pacific Citizen\n </i>\n , May 8, 1970, 6.\n </p>\n <p>\n <i>\n Booklist\n </i>\n , Jan. 1, 1970, 539.\n </p>\n <p>\n Conroy, Hilary.\n <i>\n The American Historical Review\n </i>\n 77.1 (Feb. 1972): 229–30.\n </p>\n <p>\n Daniels, Roger.\n <i>\n Pacific Historical Review\n </i>\n 39.3 (Aug. 1970): 395–96.\n </p>\n <p>\n Freidel, Frank.\n <i>\n Political Science Quarterly\n </i>\n 87.1 (Mar. 1972): 111–12.\n </p>\n <p>\n Hill, Gladwin.\n <i>\n New York Times Book Review\n </i>\n , Dec. 21, 1969, 4, 18.\n </p>\n <p>\n <i>\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/audrie-anne-loftis-girdner/the-great-betrayal-the-evacuation-of-the-japane/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n Kirkus Reviews\n </a>\n </i>\n , Oct. 15, 1969, p. 902.\n </p>\n <p>\n Kitagawa, Joseph M. \"It Happened Here.\"\n <i>\n Christian Century\n </i>\n , Feb. 11, 1970, 183.\n </p>\n <p>\n Lindberg, John. \"The American Way of Prejudice.\"\n <i>\n The North American Review\n </i>\n 256.2 (Summer 1971): 73–78.\n </p>\n <p>\n Miyakawa, T. Scott.\n <i>\n Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science\n </i>\n 391 (Sept. 1970): 204–06.\n </p>\n <p>\n Opler, Marvin K.\n <i>\n American Anthropologist\n </i>\n 75.2 (Apr. 1973): 557–59.\n </p>\n <p>\n <i>\n Publishers' Weekly\n </i>\n , Aug. 11, 1969, 37.\n </p>\n <p>\n <i>\n Time\n </i>\n Magazine, Oct. 24, 1969, 109.\n </p>\n <p>\n Weins, Muriel.\n <i>\n Library Journal\n </i>\n , Sept. 1, 1969, 2918.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n \"Anne Loftis,\"\n <i>\n Contemporary Authors Online\n </i>\n , Gale, 2002; \nAinsfield-Wolf Book Awards website,\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.anisfield-wolf.org/about/the-awards/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.anisfield-wolf.org/about/the-awards/\n </a>\n ; \"The California Book Award Winners 1931–2012,\" The Commonwealth Club of California Website,\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.commonwealthclub.org/sites/default/files/u123/Official%20Complete%20California%20Book%20Awards%20Winners.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.commonwealthclub.org/sites/default/files/u123/Official%20Complete%20California%20Book%20Awards%20Winners.pdf\n </a>\n , all accessed on March 12, 2014.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref2-2\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref2_2-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Joseph M. Kitagawa, \"It Happened Here,\"\n <i>\n Christian Century\n </i>\n , Feb. 11, 1970, p. 183; Publishers' Weekly, Aug. 11, 1969, p. 37.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref3-3\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref3_3-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Roger Daniels,\n <i>\n Pacific Historical Review\n </i>\n 39.3 (Aug. 1970), 396.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref4-4\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref4_4-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Marvin K. Opler,\n <i>\n American Anthropologist\n </i>\n 75.2 (Apr. 1973): 557–59.\n </span>\n </li>\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref5-5\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref5_5-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n See\n <a class=\"external free offsite\" href=\"http://www.worldcat.org/title/japanese-american-relocation-interviews-1966-1967/oclc/41498215&referer=brief_results\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n http://www.worldcat.org/title/japanese-american-relocation-interviews-1966-1967/oclc/41498215&referer=brief_results\n </a>\n .\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240418160710\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.021 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.028 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 260/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 3623/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1103/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 2597/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 18.002 1 -total\n 16.61% 2.991 1 Template:Reflist\n 12.10% 2.178 1 Template:Databox-Books\n 8.34% 1.502 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 7.74% 1.393 1 Template:Published\n 7.49% 1.348 1 Template:FindAtIA\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:2295-0!canonical and timestamp 20240418160710 and revision id 36005\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/Chroniclers/?format=api" ], "sources": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/sources/en-greatbetrayal-1/?format=api" ], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Brian%20Niiya/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/The%20Gate%20of%20Heaven%20(play)/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/The%20Gripsholm%20WWII%20Exchanges/?format=api" }