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GET /api/0.1/articles/Topaz%20Citizens%20Committee/
http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Topaz%20Citizens%20Committee/", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Topaz%20Citizens%20Committee" }, "modified": "2020-08-24T14:54:32", "title": "Topaz Citizens Committee", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <p>\n There was a great deal of confusion in\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Topaz/\" title=\"Topaz\">\n Topaz\n </a>\n immediately following the announcement that the draft would be restored for\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Nisei/\" title=\"Nisei\">\n Nisei\n </a>\n on January 20, 1944. Nisei were initially pleased to hear the draft had been restored, but quickly disappointed when they realized that the previous practice of segregating Nisei into\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/442nd_Regimental_Combat_Team/\" title=\"442nd Regimental Combat Team\">\n combat teams\n </a>\n within a single branch of the military would continue. They had hoped that the initial success of volunteers would lead to a restoration of the draft on the same basis as other Americans. Conversations began in earnest about how a message might be sent to the War Department and to the President objecting to the continued segregation of Nisei in the military. Two groups emerged from these early conversations: the Topaz Citizens Committee, and the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Mothers_of_Topaz/\" title=\"Mothers of Topaz\">\n Mothers of Topaz\n </a>\n . The majority, 87% of delegates on the Citizens Committee, argued for sending a message protesting racial segregation, while 13% argued that citizen Nisei should refuse to appear for their pre-induction physicals until they were drafted into non-segregated units of the military. After meeting with\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/A.L._Wirin/\" title=\"A.L. Wirin\">\n A.L. Wirin\n </a>\n , attorney for the ACLU (\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/American_Civil_Liberties_Union/\" title=\"American Civil Liberties Union\">\n American Civil Liberties Union\n </a>\n ), the group was informed that they would not be given the support of the ACLU in their efforts to resist the draft as a means of protesting segregation in the military. As a result, the Committee dropped its activist model and instead became an informational group.\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n Seven individuals from Topaz eventually refused to appear for their pre-induction physicals, five of whom were sentenced to serve terms at the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Tucson_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Tucson (detention facility)\">\n Tucson Federal Prison Camp\n </a>\n with the\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Draft_resistance/\" title=\"Draft resistance\">\n resisters\n </a>\n from\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Amache_(Granada)/\" title=\"Amache (Granada)\">\n Amache (Granada)\n </a>\n and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Poston_(Colorado_River)/\" title=\"Poston (Colorado River)\">\n Poston (Colorado River)\n </a>\n , the group eventually calling themselves the \"\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Tucsonians/\" title=\"Tucsonians\">\n Tucsonians\n </a>\n .\"\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Cherstin_M._Lyon/\" title=\"Cherstin M. Lyon\">\n Cherstin M. Lyon\n </a>\n , California State University, San Bernardino\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Lyon, Cherstin\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Lyon, Cherstin.\n <a class=\"external text offsite\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/prisonspatriotsj00lyon\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n <i>\n Prisons and Patriots: Japanese American Wartime Citizenship, Civil Disobedience, and Historical Memory.\n </i>\n </a>\n Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2012.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnotes\">\n Footnotes\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Hiro Katayama, \"Reaction to the Reinstitution of the Selective Service,\" Community Analysis, Central Utah Project, Topaz, Utah, April 10, 1944, p. 7. Community Analysis Reports, Topaz, Roll 8, No. 33, NARA I.\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20230521153709\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.011 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.015 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 78/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 600/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 144/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 534/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 11.866 1 -total\n 18.56% 2.202 1 Template:Reflist\n 11.22% 1.331 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 11.12% 1.320 1 Template:Published\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:3404-0!canonical and timestamp 20230521153709 and revision id 30926\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Cherstin%20M.%20Lyon/" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Topaz%20(film)/", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Topaz%20Mosaic%20(short%20story)/" }{ "url_title": "Topaz Citizens Committee", "title_sort": "topazcitizenscommittee", "links": { "json": "