Article
DOCUMENTATION GOES HERE.
GET /api/0.1/articles/Hilo%20Independent%20Language%20School/?format=api
{ "url_title": "Hilo Independent Language School", "title_sort": "hiloindependentlanguageschool", "links": { "json": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Hilo%20Independent%20Language%20School/?format=api", "html": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Hilo%20Independent%20Language%20School?format=api" }, "modified": "2024-03-11T23:51:45", "title": "Hilo Independent Language School", "body": "<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n <div id=\"databox-CampsDisplay\">\n <table class=\"infobox\" width=\"200px;\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n US Gov Name\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Hilo Independent Language School\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sites_of_incarceration/\" title=\"Sites of incarceration\">\n Facility Type\n </a>\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Administrative Agency\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n U.S. Army\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Location\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Hilo, Hawai'i ( lat, lng)\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Date Opened\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n 1916\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Date Closed\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Population Description\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Held people of Japanese ancestry, citizens and non-citizens, before transfer to Kīlauea Military Camp\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n General Description\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n Peak Population\n </th>\n <td style=\"text-align:left;\">\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div id=\"databox-Camps\" style=\"display:none;\">\n <p>\n SoSUID:;\nDenshoName:Hilo Independent Language School;\nUSGName:Hilo Independent Language School;\nType:;\nAdminAgency:U.S. Army;\nDateOpened:1916;\nDateClosed:;\nLocationName:Hilo, Hawai'i;\nCityName:Hilo Hawaii;\nStateName:HI;\nDescription:;\nGISLat:;\nGISLng:;\nGISTGNId:;\nCurrentDisposition:;\nPopulationDescription:Held people of Japanese ancestry, citizens and non-citizens, before transfer to Kīlauea Military Camp;\nExitDestination:;\nPeakPopulation:;\nPeakDate:;\nNPSMoreInfoResourceLink:;\nOfficialResourceLink:;\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>\n One of three incarceration sites on Hawai'i Island that authorities used to detain prisoners during World War II.\n </p>\n <p>\n Authorities systematically rounded up inmates on the island of Hawai'i on December 7, 1941, and the following days at three different sites: the Hilo Dokuritsu Nippon Go Gakkō (Hilo Independent Japanese Language School), Waiakea Prison Camp, and\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Kilauea_Military_Camp_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Kilauea Military Camp (detention facility)\">\n Kīlauea Military Camp\n </a>\n before being transferred to O'ahu. According to Shiho Nunes whose father, Yoshio Shinoda, served as the principal of the school, a group of parents from the Hilo Hongwanji Japanese Language School established the Hilo Independent Japanese Language School in 1916 by at the foot of Ponahawai hill. By the early 1930s the school had become the largest language school on the island of Hawai'i with over a thousand students as it was the first language school on Hawai'i Island to build a special facility for kindergarten classes. Having outgrown its facilities, the school moved to a parcel of land at the corner of Ululani and Kūkūau Streets. Nunes remembers that \"the main building would include classrooms, office, a library/conference room, and an assembly hall to double as a dōjō (judo hall). Adjacent would be the kindergarten, the principal's residence, and a two-story dormitory.\" According to Nunes, December 7 coincided with the school's\n <i>\n tenrankai\n </i>\n (a periodic exhibit of student work) and bazaar. Nunes remembers, \"Hardly had it opened when military police arrived to disperse the crowd and shut down the activities.\"\n <sup class=\"reference\" id=\"cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n [1]\n </a>\n </sup>\n Authorities evicted the family and transformed the school campus into the military police headquarters. They also converted the kindergarten building into a jail and the principal's residence became a holding cell for temporary detention of aliens. On April 1942, authorities arrested Shinoda at his former home before sending him to\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/K%C4%ABlauea_Military_Camp/\" title=\"Kīlauea Military Camp\">\n Kīlauea Military Camp\n </a>\n and finally\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Sand_Island_(detention_facility)/\" title=\"Sand Island (detention facility)\">\n Sand Island\n </a>\n on O'ahu.\n </p>\n <p>\n Authorities finally released Shinoda a few months later and as they had closed the language school, the Shinodas began wholesale manufacturing of khaki trousers for the army. They also worked designing and producing souvenirs that were popular with military personnel for the Hawai'i Importing Company. Eventually, Shinoda and his wife established a well-known Japanese embroidery school and the school was never reopened.\n </p>\n <div id=\"authorByline\">\n <b>\n Authored by\n <a class=\"encyc notrg\" href=\"/Kelli_Y._Nakamura/\" title=\"Kelli Y. Nakamura\">\n Kelli Y. Nakamura\n </a>\n , University of Hawai'i\n </b>\n </div>\n <div id=\"citationAuthor\" style=\"display:none;\">\n Nakamura, Kelli\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"For_More_Information\">\n For More Information\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <p>\n Burton, Jeffrey F. and Mary M. Farrell.\n <i>\n World War II Japanese American Internment Sites in Hawai\n </i>\n ‘i. Tucson, Arizona: n.p., 2007.\n </p>\n <p>\n Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.\n <i>\n Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians\n </i>\n . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997.\n </p>\n <p>\n National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.\n <i>\n Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites: Draft Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment, May 2014\n </i>\n . Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 2014.\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"section\" id=\"Footnote\">\n <h2>\n <span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Footnote\">\n Footnote\n </span>\n </h2>\n <div class=\"section_content\">\n <div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n <div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n <ol class=\"references\">\n <li id=\"cite_note-ftnt_ref1-1\">\n <span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\n <a class=\"\" href=\"#cite_ref-ftnt_ref1_1-0\">\n ↑\n </a>\n </span>\n <span class=\"reference-text\">\n Shiho S. Nunes and Sara Nunes-Atabaki,\n <i>\n The Shishu Ladies of Hilo: Japanese Embroidery in Hawai'i\n </i>\n (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999), 41.\n </span>\n </li>\n </ol>\n </div>\n </div>\n <!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240418160714\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nComplications: []\nCPU time usage: 0.013 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.019 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 184/1000000\nPost‐expand include size: 2517/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 477/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 5/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0/20\nUnstrip post‐expand size: 480/5000000 bytes\nExtLoops count: 0\n-->\n <!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 14.400 1 -total\n 15.83% 2.280 1 Template:Reflist\n 13.23% 1.905 1 Template:Databox-Camps\n 9.65% 1.390 1 Template:AuthorByline\n 9.60% 1.383 1 Template:Published\n-->\n <!-- Saved in parser cache with key encycmw:pcache:idhash:3629-0!canonical and timestamp 20240418160714 and revision id 36097\n -->\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"toplink\">\n <a href=\"#top\">\n <i class=\"icon-chevron-up\">\n </i>\n Top\n </a>\n</div>", "categories": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/categories/Camps/?format=api" ], "sources": [], "coordinates": {}, "authors": [ "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/authors/Kelli%20Y.%20Nakamura/?format=api" ], "ddr_topic_terms": [], "prev_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Hillcrest%20Sanitarium/?format=api", "next_page": "http://encyclopedia.densho.org/api/0.1/articles/Hirabayashi%20v.%20United%20States/?format=api" }